영어1 비상 홍민표 스페셜 유닛 1 변형문제

In the busy London ____ of 1953, a special study was conducted.

Scientists observed more than 31,000 ____ who had various jobs on buses and trains.

Some jobs demanded lots of moving around, like ticket collectors, while others, ____ drivers, didn’t require much movement.

What was interesting was that the workers with more active ____ had fewer heart problems than those who sat a lot.

This implied that jobs requiring more moving around were ____ for workers than those jobs that didn’t.

____ could account for the difference in their health outcomes?

The answer to ____ requires a simple formula and a little bit of math.

The formula is ____ easy equation: the total energy expenditure of the body equals 「BMR + TEF + PA」.

In the human body, the energy from different foods ____ eat is used to keep everything running smoothly.

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a measurement of how much energy is needed ____ stay alive;

the thermic effect of food (TEF) is a measurement ____ the energy used to consume and absorb energy from food;

and physical ____ (PA) is a measurement of the energy used beyond just lying in bed.

Learning about the composition of these three elements can help people make better choices for their ____ and well-being.

____ of the energy the body uses each day is set or fixed.

Assuming an energy input of 2,000 calories, about 1,400 calories, or 70%, goes to essential functions such as keeping the heart and the brain working; this is ____ the basal metabolic rate (BMR).

Around 200 calories, or 10%, is used to consume and absorb energy from food and ____ called the thermic effect of food (TEF).

____ short, BMR and TEF are the minimum energy required for the body to stay alive.

The remaining 400 calories, or 20%, is used for things people choose to do, including various physical activities (PA) like working, playing, ____ moving around.

Maybe some of the London public transportation workers spent ____ remaining 20% differently, resulting in their different health outcomes.

Then, what do ____ do with the remaining 400 calories?

They may ____ burned by intense physical exercise like jogging, working out at the gym, playing badminton or tennis, or venturing out for a hike.

However, those calories may also be burned by small, seemingly unimportant activities we do throughout the day, like standing up and sitting down, walking around the house, washing ____ doing the laundry, taking out the garbage, and many others.

These actions are collectively called ____ Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) as they use up energy too!

For example, ____ 40-minute run will burn around 400 calories.

Doing this could use up the excess energy budget completely, ____ not everyone has 40 minutes a day to go for a run.

Taking 10,000 steps, which ____ like walking about 8 kilometers, burns 400 calories as well.

What this means is that while a 40-minute run will burn 400 calories, doing small things like more walking, taking stairs, ____ even just cleaning your room can add up at the end of the day, too.

What Happens ____ You Increase NEAT

Each gram of body fat contains about ____ calories, so if you spend your day eating and not moving, your body may convert the 400 calories into 44 grams of fat.

This is ____ healthy over the long term.

While NEAT doesn’t provide the heart and muscles with the same benefits that exercise does, excess energy still gets used ____ instead of being stored.

____ may not necessarily get fit, but you’ll stay in energy balance, which is important for long term health.

Paying attention to ____ has other health benefits as well.

Sitting too much can cause problems like heart disease and muscle loss, so standing not only increases NEAT but ____ decreases sitting time, which is a win-win.

As people get older, it may become more difficult to stay healthy, so adopting a lifestyle ____ maximizes NEAT is a good habit for younger people to make.

Walking more, taking stairs, or even using smaller water cups so ____ have to be refilled more often uses energy.

Whether it’s for weight management or trying to stay ____ active during exam week, understanding NEAT is a great way to maintain energy balance in the body.

In the big picture, your body is like an an ____ account book that needs to be balanced.

All the food you eat is credit in the account, and you need to spend energy ____ keep it all in balance.

Thus if you eat too much food ____ using the excess energy, your body will store the extra as fat, which is not healthy.

Remember, standing uses ____ energy than sitting, walking uses more energy than standing, and running uses more energy than walking, so let’s all keep moving, stay active, and use our energy wisely for a healthier life!