영어1 비상 홍민표 스페셜 유닛 1 변형문제

In the busy London streets of 1953, a special ____ was conducted.

Scientists observed more than ____ people who had various jobs on buses and trains.

Some jobs demanded lots of moving around, like ticket collectors, while others, like drivers, didn’t require much ____.

What was interesting was that the workers with more active jobs ____ fewer heart problems than those who sat a lot.

This implied that jobs requiring more ____ around were healthier for workers than those jobs that didn’t.

What could account for the ____ in their health outcomes?

The answer to this ____ a simple formula and a little bit of math.

The formula is an easy ____: the total energy expenditure of the body equals 「BMR + TEF + PA」.

In the human body, the energy from different foods people eat is ____ to keep everything running smoothly.

The basal metabolic ____ (BMR) is a measurement of how much energy is needed to stay alive;

the thermic effect of food (TEF) is a measurement of the energy used to consume and ____ energy from food;

and physical activity (PA) is a measurement of the energy used beyond ____ lying in bed.

Learning about the ____ of these three elements can help people make better choices for their health and well-being.

Most of the energy the body uses ____ day is set or fixed.

Assuming an energy input of 2,000 calories, about 1,400 calories, or 70%, goes to essential functions ____ as keeping the heart and the brain working; this is called the basal metabolic rate (BMR).

Around ____ calories, or 10%, is used to consume and absorb energy from food and is called the thermic effect of food (TEF).

In short, BMR and TEF are the minimum energy ____ for the body to stay alive.

The remaining ____ calories, or 20%, is used for things people choose to do, including various physical activities (PA) like working, playing, and moving around.

Maybe some of the London public transportation workers spent the remaining 20% differently, ____ in their different health outcomes.

Then, ____ do people do with the remaining 400 calories?

They may be burned by intense physical exercise like jogging, working out at the gym, playing badminton or tennis, or venturing ____ for a hike.

However, those calories may also be ____ by small, seemingly unimportant activities we do throughout the day, like standing up and sitting down, walking around the house, washing dishes, doing the laundry, taking out the garbage, and many others.

These ____ are collectively called Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) as they use up energy too!

For example, a 40-minute run will burn around 400 ____.

Doing this could use up the excess energy budget completely, but not everyone has 40 minutes a ____ to go for a run.

Taking 10,000 steps, which is like walking about 8 kilometers, burns ____ calories as well.

What this means is that while a 40-minute ____ will burn 400 calories, doing small things like more walking, taking stairs, or even just cleaning your room can add up at the end of the day, too.

What Happens ____ You Increase NEAT

Each gram of body fat ____ about 9 calories, so if you spend your day eating and not moving, your body may convert the 400 calories into 44 grams of fat.

This is not healthy over the ____ term.

While ____ doesn’t provide the heart and muscles with the same benefits that exercise does, excess energy still gets used up instead of being stored.

You may not necessarily ____ fit, but you’ll stay in energy balance, which is important for long term health.

Paying attention to NEAT has other health ____ as well.

Sitting too much can ____ problems like heart disease and muscle loss, so standing not only increases NEAT but also decreases sitting time, which is a win-win.

As people get older, it may become more difficult to stay ____, so adopting a lifestyle that maximizes NEAT is a good habit for younger people to make.

Walking more, taking stairs, or even using smaller water cups so they have to be refilled more ____ uses energy.

____ it’s for weight management or trying to stay more active during exam week, understanding NEAT is a great way to maintain energy balance in the body.

In the big picture, your body is like an an energy ____ book that needs to be balanced.

All the food you eat is ____ in the account, and you need to spend energy to keep it all in balance.

Thus if you eat too much food without using the excess energy, your ____ will store the extra as fat, which is not healthy.

Remember, standing uses more energy than sitting, walking uses more energy than standing, and running uses more energy than walking, so let’s all keep moving, stay ____, and use our energy wisely for a healthier life!