26강 언어, 문학, 예술
Gateway 장르 소설 속 등장인물의 변화
In ____ fiction, characters' lives are limited to the individual work.
Readers may disagree on the characteristics and ____ of fictional figures, and in drama there is room for different interpretations of characters.
However, it is less ____ for characters in literary fiction to reappear in subsequent works than in genre fiction, where series featuring the same central characters are common.
This is even more pronounced in comics, which are ____ serialized in newspaper strips or comic books.
____ characters introduced in the 1930s, like Superman and Batman, may still enjoy new adventures decades later.
During these characters' long histories, they change in various ____ for a variety of reasons.
If a character is created by a single author, like Sherlock Holmes, the character's core traits may change ____ from story to story, but readers learn more about him with each successive story.
On the other hand, if characters are the work of several hands ____ decades, they may change considerably.
While characters in most ____ fiction hardly ever feature in successive works, those in genre fiction and comics often do so, and may undergo transformation in their traits especially when written about by different authors over time.
Exercise 1 예술 작품의 감상과 그 맥락
In the context of a studio visit, the viewer might notice several clipped ____ articles pinned to the wall, a wax-coated hotplate, walls with paint marks, resin-drizzled floors and several sculptures barely visible through their plastic wrap.
Such real-world clues offer the visitor a foothold onto the artist's ____.
The studio visitor imagines that the artist is currently a painter, ____ applies wax and resin and finds inspiration in particular articles.
Similarly, guests experiencing artworks in some homes notice art positioned next to furnishings, family ____ displayed on the piano and coffee-table books stacked to demonstrate preferences.
Together, these components ____ particular experiences.
Within the artist's studio or collector's home, residue from studio ____ or the collector's personal belongings help to connect the artworks to the world.
By contrast, artworks displayed in exhibitions ____ comparatively isolated, practically clipped from the world where they originated.
This could explain why aestheticians tend to treat artworks as singletons, rather ____ as members of some set.
Exercise 2 문화에 따른 신호 해석 차이
Linguists typically distinguish between signals that are communicative and those that are informative, ____ on whether the information is conveyed intentionally or not.
For example, a deliberate wink is distinguished from an involuntary blink by the communicative intention that lies ____ it.
Yet in intercultural interaction, information conveyed unintentionally may actually be interpreted as intentional; for instance, in some cultures, showing the soles of one's ____ can communicate an insult and when somebody does that, it is typically assumed to have communicative intent.
However, for someone from a cultural group where that convention does not exist, such behaviour would be unintentional and hence ____ not be communicative.
In ____ words, a given piece of behaviour may be communicative to some of the participants and only informative to others.
Exercise 3 이야기가 인간의 공감 능력과 자아 인식에 미치는 영향
Through stories we can explore the human condition and see how other ____ think.
This can affirm our own beliefs and perceptions, but it ____ challenges them.
Regardless of the language, ____ is something universal about what occurs in the brain at the point when we are processing narratives, triggering better self-awareness and empathy for others.
Psychologists scanned people ____ to narratives in English, Farsi, and Mandarin, and found the same patterns of brain activation when people found meaning in the stories.
Other studies find that reading fiction ____ increases empathy toward others, including people of a different race or religion.
And the more ____ in a story a reader is, the more empathetically they behave in real life.
For instance, if the researcher "accidentally" dropped his pens, those participants who had previously reported being "highly absorbed" in the story were about twice as ____ to help pick up the pens.
Another study concluded that literary fiction "uniquely engages the psychological processes needed to gain access to characters' ____ experiences."
That is to say, if you read novels, you can probably read emotions, vital ____ for forming cooperative societies.