14강 빈칸 내용 추론 (2)
Gateway 건축 설계 시 사용자 참여의 중요성
Giving clients sufficient opportunity to react to your designs while in ____ is a key to professional success.
Similarly, involving prospective building users as well as ____ is even more valuable in the long run.
Say your client is a large ____, such as a health care provider.
While the hospital administration may serve as your client, no doubt the perspectives of administration personnel will differ significantly from those of doctors, interns, residents, nurses, and other ____ staff who use the building regularly.
In addition, the experiences of patients and visitors who use the building irregularly, often as a result of life-threatening ____, are altogether different as well.
____ how each type of user experiences the current medical environment as well as how each reacts to your prospective designs inevitably produces a better building.
People are likely to be more satisfied with a new building or addition if they have been consulted in the ____ process.
For a large institution, this can ____ into increased productivity on the job, reduced absenteeism, less turnover, and lower costs.
Exercise 1 같은 경험에 대한 의미 해석의 차이
Sharing meanings and experiences is ____ a simple, automatic process: whenever two or more people observe or participate in the same ongoing event they experience it from different perspectives, with different histories, with different background knowledge.
These differences are ____ glaring when the individuals involved include an infant or very young child and an adult, although an adult arranging an event for an infant may find it difficult to keep these differences in mind.
When giving a bath, for example, a parent whose experience with water play has been fun, whose knowledge about the source of the water and its disposition provides confidence, and whose body control ensures that the baby is safely held and not in ____, expects the infant to enjoy splashing water.
Yet the baby may ____ it clear (perhaps by terrified crying) that her perspective is quite different from that of the adult.
The two ____ an experience, but not a meaning.
Exercise 2 공로 인정과 시점 특정의 어려움
A ____ anthropological study of daily scientific practice in the Salk Institute laboratory in La Jolla, California shows how difficult it is to assign credit and dates.
Bruno Latour describes ____ scientists arrived at the elucidation of TRF (thyrotropin-releasing factor), a hormone that is secreted by the brain.
He ____ that his observations led him to "the conviction that a body of practices widely regarded by outsiders as well organized, logical, and coherent, in fact consists of a disordered array of observations with which scientists struggle to produce order."
The final consensus formulation of TRF (i.e., when it became a scientific "fact") emerged some ____ between January 1968 and January 1970.
Half of the Nobel Prize in Medicine for 1977 for this discovery was shared between the Salk group and another competing group in New Orleans (the other half went to Rosalind Yalow for the techniques she developed that were used in these studies), but each of these two competing groups strongly felt that they deserved ____ credit and that the other did not deserve even a share of the award.
Exercise 3 음악 공연에서 지휘자의 존재
The idea of music direction, in the sense of ____ shaping and leading a musical performance, goes back to the beginnings of music.
Even the gamelans of ancient Indonesia had leaders who would ____ to the group changes of meter and tempo, beginnings and endings, and transitions from piece to piece.
Yet listening audiences are ____ aware of any musical leadership, and for good aesthetic reason.
They need not be aware to ____ their experience; indeed, the unnecessarily conspicuous presence of a musical leader will detract from it.
An audience is ____ off, for the most part, taking in the whole of a stage work rather than being party to the techniques that go into realizing it.
This is not to say that when an orchestra plays alone the audience ____' eyes are not fixed on the conductor for the majority of the time; they probably are.
When music is accompanying something happening on stage, ____, all eyes turn to the stage, and so do everyone's ears, too (including the music director's).
Exercise 4 배경 지식의 중요성
The importance of what a reader brings to the page is highlighted in a ____ discussed by Hirsch in The Knowledge Deficit.
This study consisted of two groups of students who were ____ to read a passage about baseball.
The first ____ was made up of strong readers who knew little about baseball.
The second group was composed of struggling readers who were knowledgeable about ____.
____ reading the passage, students in each group had their comprehension tested.
Guess which group ____ higher? The struggling readers.
Having strong reading skills was not enough for the students who came to the page with a ____ deficit about the topic.
Though the second group of readers were not strong readers, their prior ____ enabled them to outscore readers with far better abilities.
Prior knowledge, or, in the case of the good readers, the lack of ____ knowledge, was the x-factor.