13강 빈칸 내용 추론 (1)
Gateway 초기 곡물 무역 회사의 성공 전략
The early ____ trade firms were active in both surplus-producing and food deficit regions, and these firms made it their business to know the state of supply and demand in both.
Because this information was the key to their profitability, these firms worked in ____ secrecy, frequently built on family ties, trust, and loyalty.
In addition, these firms were able to benefit from the rise of commodity exchanges and ____ futures markets that emerged in the mid-1800s.
Agricultural markets are naturally unstable, due to changes in harvest size that result from variable ____ patterns and other factors.
Locking-in prices by buying and ____ grain for future delivery helped these firms to minimize such risks.
It made sense for the grain trading companies to manage their risks within a single firm that was operating in more than one country, rather than operating as independent national ____ trading with each other.
Their access to information in multiple markets enabled them to easily cover the risks associated with agricultural commodity ____.
Exercise 1 자연 현상과 사물의 목적성
In the Physics, Aristotle asks whether nature acts for the ____ of something.
He offers an account of rain as water that rises when heated by the Sun, then cools, ____, and falls to Earth, but is not particularly concerned with explaining rain as such.
Rather, he addresses a ____ general question: how to account for natural objects, events, and processes that appear with regularity.
He queries whether the sharpness of front teeth and the bluntness of molars is coincidental and rejects that possibility, because this arrangement occurs with regularity and that regularity is ____ to purposefulness.
The ____ of front teeth allows them to tear while the bluntness of those in the back enables them to crush food; both are useful for eating.
In Aristotle’s view, ____ natural things happen in a given way and occur for the sake of something; that is the final cause.
Exercise 2 판단하지 않고 아이디어 생성하기
AI is a prolific ____ generator.
Human brainstorming groups tend to focus on the quality of creative ideas and almost immediately lean into variations of first ____, but good ideas are more likely when groups focus first on quantity.
As Linus Pauling put it, "The best way to have a good idea is to have ____ of ideas."
Psychologist ____ Keith Simonton called this the "equal odds rule" arguing that creative success is correlated to the total number of works created.
Many studies have ____ that creative quality comes from quantity of ideas (what Bob Sutton at a design and innovation consulting company called "idea ratio"), and one Stanford study pegged the number of ideas that distinguish a successful product from a failure at more than two thousand.
This is why design thinking and innovation are so focused on the processes (what Utley and Klebahn call "idea ____") of creating possibilities without judgment.
Exercise 3 공감 능력에 있어서 내부 감각 수용 능력의 역할
Becoming aware of our internal sensations can ____ us handle our own emotions.
Perhaps more ____, the body’s interoceptive faculty can also bring us into closer contact with other people’s emotions.
That’s because the brain, on its own, has no direct access to the contents of other people’s minds, no ____ to feel what others are feeling.
Interpreting others’ spoken words and facial expressions may yield only a coolly abstract ____ of the emotions that stir within.
The body acts as a critical conduit, supplying the ____ with the visceral information it lacks.
It does so in this way: When interacting with other people, we subtly and unconsciously mimic their ____ expressions, gestures, posture, and vocal pitch.
____, via the interoception of our own bodies’ signals, we perceive what the other person is feeling because we feel it in ourselves.
We bring other people’s feelings onboard, and the body is the ____.
In an ____ similar to taking a bite off our partner’s plate, or borrowing an earbud to hear the song our friend is listening to, we are sampling their emotions.
Exercise 4 기술의 과도한 확장에 대한 비판
The strongest criticisms of the overextension of technology involve claims of ____, and these arguments are not new.
Canadian philosopher of the electronic age, Marshall McLuhan was primarily a techno-utopian, but he was ____ a critical thinker, who cautioned decades ago against too much human extension into technology.
McLuhan ____ claimed that every media extension of man is an amputation.
For example, once we have a car, we ____ walk to the shops any more; once we have a computer hard-drive, we don’t have to remember things; and now that we have personal GPS (Global Positioning System) on our cell phones, no one can find their way about without it.
Based on McLuhan’s philosophy, we are becoming ____ because we rely on screens full of pictures, rather than print media, such as books.
It is thus possible that extensions of human faculties, through techno- and ____, will bring about arrested development in the natural evolution of higher human faculties.