13강 빈칸 내용 추론 (1)
Gateway 초기 곡물 무역 회사의 성공 전략
The early grain ____ firms were active in both surplus-producing and food deficit regions, and these firms made it their business to know the state of supply and demand in both.
Because this information was the key to their profitability, these firms worked in relative secrecy, ____ built on family ties, trust, and loyalty.
In addition, these ____ were able to benefit from the rise of commodity exchanges and commodities futures markets that emerged in the mid-1800s.
Agricultural markets are naturally unstable, due to changes in harvest size that ____ from variable weather patterns and other factors.
Locking-in prices by buying and selling grain for future delivery helped these firms to minimize such ____
It made sense for the grain trading companies to manage their risks within a ____ firm that was operating in more than one country, rather than operating as independent national companies trading with each other.
Their access to information in multiple markets enabled ____ to easily cover the risks associated with agricultural commodity trade.
Exercise 1 자연 현상과 사물의 목적성
In the Physics, Aristotle asks whether nature acts ____ the sake of something.
He offers an account of rain as water that rises when heated by the Sun, then cools, condenses, and falls to Earth, but is ____ particularly concerned with explaining rain as such.
Rather, he addresses a more ____ question: how to account for natural objects, events, and processes that appear with regularity.
He queries whether the sharpness of front teeth and the bluntness of molars is coincidental and rejects that possibility, because this ____ occurs with regularity and that regularity is linked to purposefulness.
The sharpness of front teeth allows them to tear while the bluntness ____ those in the back enables them to crush food; both are useful for eating.
In Aristotle’s view, all natural things happen in a given way and occur for the sake of something; that ____ the final cause.
Exercise 2 판단하지 않고 아이디어 생성하기
AI ____ a prolific idea generator.
Human brainstorming groups tend to focus on the quality of creative ideas and almost immediately lean ____ variations of first suggestions, but good ideas are more likely when groups focus first on quantity.
As Linus Pauling put it, "The ____ way to have a good idea is to have lots of ideas."
Psychologist Dean Keith Simonton called this the "equal odds rule" arguing that creative success is correlated to the ____ number of works created.
Many studies have confirmed that creative quality comes from quantity of ideas (what Bob Sutton at a design and innovation consulting company called "idea ratio"), and one Stanford study pegged the number of ideas that ____ a successful product from a failure at more than two thousand.
____ is why design thinking and innovation are so focused on the processes (what Utley and Klebahn call "idea flow") of creating possibilities without judgment.
Exercise 3 공감 능력에 있어서 내부 감각 수용 능력의 역할
Becoming aware of our ____ sensations can help us handle our own emotions.
Perhaps more surprisingly, the ____ interoceptive faculty can also bring us into closer contact with other people’s emotions.
That’s because the brain, ____ its own, has no direct access to the contents of other people’s minds, no way to feel what others are feeling.
Interpreting others’ spoken words and facial expressions may yield only a coolly abstract sense ____ the emotions that stir within.
The body acts as a critical conduit, supplying the brain with ____ visceral information it lacks.
It does so in this way: When interacting ____ other people, we subtly and unconsciously mimic their facial expressions, gestures, posture, and vocal pitch.
Then, via the interoception of our own ____ signals, we perceive what the other person is feeling because we feel it in ourselves.
We bring other people’s feelings onboard, and ____ body is the bridge.
In an act similar to taking a bite off our ____ plate, or borrowing an earbud to hear the song our friend is listening to, we are sampling their emotions.
Exercise 4 기술의 과도한 확장에 대한 비판
The strongest criticisms of the overextension of technology involve claims of dehumanization, and these arguments are not ____
Canadian philosopher of the electronic age, Marshall McLuhan was primarily a techno-utopian, ____ he was also a critical thinker, who cautioned decades ago against too much human extension into technology.
McLuhan famously ____ that every media extension of man is an amputation.
For example, once we have a car, we don’t walk to the shops any more; once we have a computer hard-drive, we don’t have to remember things; and now that we have personal GPS (Global Positioning System) on our cell ____ no one can find their way about without it.
Based on McLuhan’s philosophy, we are ____ post-literate because we rely on screens full of pictures, rather than print media, such as books.
It is thus possible that extensions ____ human faculties, through techno- and bio-enhancement, will bring about arrested development in the natural evolution of higher human faculties.