2026 수능특강 영어 21강 변형

Victorian England is ____ by the full development of the Industrial Revolution.

England became the first industrial nation in the world and, by 1850, the first nation to have ____ people employed in industry than in agriculture.

Expanding trade ____ with the growth of the Empire and brought great wealth to Britain, but this wealth was not evenly distributed.

Many enterprising individuals (the ‘self-made men’) rose from humble origins to positions of wealth and influence, but large sections of the working class were forced into the overcrowded slums of ____ cities where they worked long hours for low wages in unhealthy conditions.

The manufacturing towns of the north of England provided ____ of the worst examples and inspired such socially conscious novels as Kingsley’s Alton Locke, Gaskell’s Mary Barton, and Dickens’s Hard Times.

In the south there was London, already the largest city in the world, showing all the ____, evil, and misery which result from overpopulation and unplanned growth.

We ____ to cut wood and plough the earth once we had acquired the ability to attach a stone tip to a wooden handle.

Wood was abundant, but ____ flint was needed for the tip.

In axes, raw and unrefined stone was replaced with flint in ____ 4000 BCE.

Found all ____ Europe, flint axes and knives were produced in great quantities — about half a million every year.

But there were very few flint mines. Axe heads originating ____ one flint deposit in the Alps have been found all over Western Europe.

Axes from central Poland have been ____ 800 kilometres away.

So the earliest human tool, the flint ____, already combined two types of raw material — the easily replaceable stick and the precious flint, which was handed down from one generation to another, travelling huge distances on its way.

The owners ____ to protect the sites where flint was found, and the first property rights developed.

Others had to produce something of value to exchange: a flock of sheep, for example, or cured hides. This is ____ trade began.

Malcolm Gladwell, in his best-selling book Outliers, shows not only how a culture’s history can influence a child’s development and, thus, adult accomplishments, but also that such influences ____ extend back many generations and over different continents.

Did one’s ancestors make a living as independent farmers tending rice paddies, which required planning and persistent labor, or did they make a living as ____ growing potatoes, which required planting in the spring and harvesting in the fall, with little attention necessary in between?

Are you a descendant of farmers, whose crops were relatively immune to ____, or of ranchers, whose livelihoods could be stolen from under one’s nose?

Were people born in a time of economic plenty or hardship? Exceptional people (the “outliers” in the title of his ____), Gladwell asserts, are not simply the product of hard work and native intelligence.

They are the ____ of the practices of their culture at a particular time in history.

Although Gladwell never mentions ____ or sociocultural theory, his book illustrates the importance of sociohistorical influences on development.

Seeing geography as a decisive factor in the course of human history can be construed as a bleak view of the world, which is why it is ____ in some intellectual circles.

It suggests that nature is more powerful ____ man and that we can go only so far in determining our own fate.

However, other ____ clearly have an influence on events, too.

Any ____ person can see that technology is now bending the iron rules of geography.

It has found ways over, ____, or through some of the barriers.

The Americans can now fly a plane all the way ____ Missouri to Mosul on a bombing mission without needing to land to refuel.

That, along with their ____ aircraft carrier battle groups, means they no longer absolutely have to have an ally or a colony in order to extend their global reach around the world.

Of course, if they do have an air ____ on the island of Diego Garcia, or permanent access to the port in Bahrain, then they have more options; but it is less essential.