EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어
22강 환경, 자원, 재활용
Gateway 배출물에 기반한 환경세
Environmental taxes based directly on measured emissions can, in principle, be very precisely targeted to the ____ environmental objectives.
____ a firm pollutes more, it pays additional tax directly in proportion to the rise in emissions.
The polluter thus has an incentive ____ reduce emissions in any manner that is less costly per unit of abatement than the tax on each unit of residual emissions.
The great attraction of basing the tax directly on measured ____ is that the actions the polluter can take to reduce tax liability are actions that also reduce emissions.
Continuous emissions measurement can be costly, particularly where there are many separate sources of emissions, and for many pollution problems this may be a major ____ to direct taxation of emissions.
Nevertheless, the technologies available for monitoring the concentrations and flows of ____ substances in waste discharges have been developing rapidly.
In the future, it may be possible to think of taxing measured emissions in a wider range ____ applications.
1 낙농업이 환경에 미치는 부담
Milk is mostly water. For every unit of milk she ____ a dairy cow must consume an equivalent unit of water.
Commercial dairy operations convert ____ of gallons of water into milk.
They use thousands of gallons of water daily ____ keep their herds and megafacilities clean enough to pass inspections.
This water becomes waste that contaminates ____ aquifers.
Production of methane ____ is also problematic.
Agribusiness dairies employ advanced technologies (animal genetics, food microbiology, biophysics, and biochemistry) and gigantic housing ____ production facilities stocked with specialized equipment (milking machines, piping, sprinklers, and sprayers) that are manufactured by other industries that also produce waste.
Infrastructure must be disposed ____ as newer industry standards make it outdated.
Transporting milk long ____ requires refrigeration and fuel.
Milk used to be packaged in reusable glass containers, but it is now typically sold in plastic, most of which becomes solid waste, although much ____ it is recyclable.
2 기업이 지속 가능성에 미치는 영향
Corporate social responsibility requires businesses to be accountable for their actions and recognize the impact they have on society and the ____
____ waste responsibly is part of this responsibility.
Companies can improve their waste management practices ____ evaluating their waste production and finding ways to reduce it.
They can also implement recycling and composting programmes, which can reduce the amount of waste ____ to landfills.
By being conscious of their waste management practices, businesses can prove to consumers ____ they are committed to being sustainable and environmentally responsible.
In addition ____ reducing their own waste, companies can also contribute to waste reduction on a larger scale.
They can work with suppliers to reduce packaging and find ways to use more ____ materials.
They ____ also partner with organizations that promote recycling and waste reduction and support legislation aimed at reducing waste.
By taking these steps, businesses can help to reduce waste throughout the entire ____ chain and promote sustainability on a larger scale.
3 지속 가능성을 위한 상업적 혁신
Redesigning products and changing consumer preferences may need to be supported ____ new business models that reshape the means by which consumers obtain products and services.
Stahel and Jackson have criticized the prevailing ____ replacement’ production system and propose that ‘commercial innovations are necessary to decouple the profitability of commercial enterprises from the throughput of goods for consumption.’
They suggest that the source of future ____ profitability should be the sale of services rather than products.
Nieuwenhuis has similarly presumed that in a more sustainable system ‘car producers might make their money not primarily by making and selling new ____ but by selling spares, repair and afterware through their dealer networks to keep their own products on the road for a long time.’
Such examples of reshaping the product-service mix represent a systems-based approach through which material throughput is ____ while the service provided is maintained (or increased).