2026 수능특강 영어 16강 변형문제

The potential for market enforcement is greater when ____ parties have developed reputational capital that can be devalued when contracts are violated.

Farmers and landowners develop reputations for honesty, fairness, producing high yields, ____ consistently demonstrating that they are good at what they do.

In small, close-knit farming communities, reputations are well ____

Over time landowners indirectly monitor farmers ____ observing the reported output, the general quality of the soil, and any unusual or extreme behavior.

Farmer and landowner reputations ____ as a bond. In any growing season a farmer can reduce effort, overuse soil, or underreport the crop.

Similarly, a ____ can undermaintain fences, ditches, and irrigation systems.

Accurate assessments of farmer and landowner behavior will be made over time, and those ____ and landowners who attempt to gain at each other’s expense will find that others may refuse to deal with them in the future.

Athletic performance is not ____ only impact that our changing climate has on sports.

The impact on hockey ____ the National Hockey League concerned.

Traditionally, many young Canadians learned to play hockey while skating on frozen ponds during ____ winter months.

However, as temperatures rise globally, ponds once suitable for hockey no longer have enough ice to ____ skating.

Some do not freeze at all, and those that do freeze maintain ice thick enough for play for much ____ periods of time each winter.

This means that young people have less access and opportunity to learn and play hockey ____

This may translate into fewer players and even fewer fans of the ____

Moreover, young players learning the sport will be forced to do so in indoor venues, which are much more expensive and harder to access than traditional ____ play.

Thus, it will become much more difficult for talented players growing up in rural areas and/or in poor families ____ learn to play the sport at a professional level.

This may turn hockey into a sport largely inaccessible by ____ economically disadvantaged.

Ageism reflects the inequality between the old and the young, with the society placing a higher value ____ the young.

This may explain ____ even older people themselves seem bothered by growing old.

____ American food company once tried to market dietetic food to older persons under the name “Senior Foods.”

____ turned out to be a complete failure.

A perceptive observer explained, “People didn’t want to be seen eating the stuff. It was labeling them old — and in ____ society, it is still an embarrassment to be old.”

The bottom line is ____ American culture is youth oriented, which makes older people feel bad about their age.

This feeling may further be related to the biological and ____ processes of aging.

But social forces, such as society’s tendency to define older persons as a national burden rather than a national treasure, play an ____ role, as well.

These social forces can worsen ____ or diminish — the biological and psychological aging.

Moreover, the experience of aging varies within the United ____ and around the world, involves being subjected to prejudice and discrimination, and is misused to generate the myths of aging.

One important way in which our ____ enhances our ability to survive and thrive in the world is by passing along the tools it has created to make our daily living more effective and efficient.

Some tools are actual physical objects; for example, hammers help us build ____ and scissors can cut paper and cloth.

But many others are cognitive tools that enable us to ____ in more productive ways.

Cognitive tools take a variety of forms, including concepts, symbols, strategies, procedures, and ____ other culturally constructed mechanisms that help us tackle life’s mental challenges more efficiently and effectively.

For example, our system of numbers allows us to perform precise calculations related to building construction, ____ design, and cooking.

The maps we create help us find our way around new cities, subway systems, ____ shopping malls.

Our writing system allows us to ____ our thoughts on paper or in computer documents.

By the way, computers are cognitive tools as ____ as physical ones because they help us think in increasingly sophisticated ways.

All of these tools are cultural creations — the results of many, ____ years of our collective ingenuity and meaning-making.

Under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic standards, animal ____ such as meat, milk, and eggs must meet certain minimum requirements to win an organic label.

However, critics say the government’s standards are not strict enough to ensure that ____ animals are raised, transported, and slaughtered in a humane way.

The USDA regulations, for example, provide that animals must have access to the outdoors, including ____ to pasture for cud-chewing animals such as cattle and sheep.

Critics say opening a barn door just minutes per day, however, might meet this definition and organic animals may never get to walk freely around ____ outdoor range or pasture.

Instead, like most conventionally raised farm animals, organically-raised animals may live ____ very confined, close quarters throughout their lives.

To solve this problem, some animal producers are adding ____ labels to their foods, such as “open pasture” or “pasture-raised,” to indicate that animals are raised in a pasture rather than fattened in a confined facility.

Consumers, however, must be cautious of some labels that seem to suggest humane conditions; designations such as “free range,” ____ or “grass-fed” do not necessarily guarantee that animals are not confined or raised in the outdoors.

____ you had been walking around Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 and had come across Independence Hall, you would have encountered something strange.

The street in front of the meeting hall — where many of the nation’s founders were assembled to draft the U.S. Constitution — was filled with a gigantic mound ____ dirt.

The delegates to the Constitutional ____ had ordered the construction of this earthen noise barrier.

They believed the ____ of carriages, street sellers, and conversations outside would disturb their intense deliberation and writing.

They weren’t going for a monastic ____ As the historical records show, there were plenty of bitter vocal disagreements.

Given the social mores of the day, there might have ____ occasional moments of emotional release through yelling or throwing things at one another.

Still, there was ____ underlying recognition of the need for a quiet container in which to do difficult thinking as a group.

____ big dirt mound was an effort to make this possible.

Encoding is the term that is most often used to describe the way in which ____ is put into memory.

Once an object, item, or event has been attended to (or, in some cases, ____ if it is not being attended to), it is a valid candidate for encoding into memory.

The ____ process creates a mental representation based on the amount of effort and detail that was processed via attention.

For example, suppose you are shopping at ____ farmers’ market for winter squash.

Each ____ you see is given some low level of processing so that what is encoded into memory is the experience of seeing many squashes.

This relatively shallow encoding will ____ in relatively weak memory traces.

However, if you happened to see a squash that was unusually shaped, or very large, or that really caught your attention ____ some way, you might encode with more effort and detail, and this would likely result in a stronger memory trace for that specific squash.