2026 수능특강 영어 16강 변형문제

The potential for market enforcement is greater when contracting parties have ____ reputational capital that can be devalued when contracts are violated.

____ and landowners develop reputations for honesty, fairness, producing high yields, and consistently demonstrating that they are good at what they do.

In small, close-knit farming communities, ____ are well known.

Over ____ landowners indirectly monitor farmers by observing the reported output, the general quality of the soil, and any unusual or extreme behavior.

Farmer and landowner reputations act as a bond. In any growing ____ a farmer can reduce effort, overuse soil, or underreport the crop.

____, a landowner can undermaintain fences, ditches, and irrigation systems.

Accurate assessments of farmer and landowner behavior will be made over time, and those farmers and landowners who attempt to gain at each other’s expense ____ find that others may refuse to deal with them in the future.

Athletic performance is not the only impact that our changing ____ has on sports.

The ____ on hockey has the National Hockey League concerned.

Traditionally, many young Canadians learned to play hockey while skating on frozen ponds during the ____ months.

However, as temperatures rise globally, ponds once suitable for hockey no longer have enough ____ to support skating.

Some do not freeze at all, and those that do freeze maintain ice thick enough for play for much shorter periods of ____ each winter.

This means that young people have less ____ and opportunity to learn and play hockey outdoors.

This may translate into fewer players and even fewer ____ of the sport.

Moreover, young ____ learning the sport will be forced to do so in indoor venues, which are much more expensive and harder to access than traditional outdoor play.

Thus, it will become much more difficult for talented ____ growing up in rural areas and/or in poor families to learn to play the sport at a professional level.

This may turn hockey into a sport ____ inaccessible by the economically disadvantaged.

Ageism reflects the inequality between the old and the young, with the society placing a ____ value on the young.

This ____ explain why even older people themselves seem bothered by growing old.

An American food company once tried to market dietetic food to older persons under the name “____ Foods.”

It turned out to be a ____ failure.

A perceptive observer explained, “People didn’t want to be seen eating the stuff. It was labeling them old — and in our society, it is still an ____ to be old.”

The bottom ____ is that American culture is youth oriented, which makes older people feel bad about their age.

This feeling may further be related to the biological and psychological processes of ____.

But social forces, such as society’s tendency to define older persons as a national burden rather than a national treasure, play an ____ role, as well.

These social forces can worsen — or diminish — the biological and psychological ____.

Moreover, the experience of aging varies within the United States and ____ the world, involves being subjected to prejudice and discrimination, and is misused to generate the myths of aging.

One ____ way in which our culture enhances our ability to survive and thrive in the world is by passing along the tools it has created to make our daily living more effective and efficient.

Some tools are actual physical objects; for example, hammers help us build houses and scissors ____ cut paper and cloth.

But ____ others are cognitive tools that enable us to think in more productive ways.

Cognitive tools take a variety of forms, including concepts, symbols, strategies, procedures, and any other culturally constructed mechanisms that ____ us tackle life’s mental challenges more efficiently and effectively.

For example, our system of numbers allows us to perform precise calculations related to building construction, engine ____, and cooking.

The maps we create help us find our way around new cities, subway systems, and ____ malls.

Our writing system allows us to record our thoughts on ____ or in computer documents.

By the way, computers are cognitive tools as well as physical ones because they help us think in ____ sophisticated ways.

All of these tools are cultural creations — the results of many, many years of our ____ ingenuity and meaning-making.

Under the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic standards, animal products such as meat, milk, and eggs must meet certain minimum requirements to win an organic ____.

However, critics say the government’s standards are not ____ enough to ensure that farm animals are raised, transported, and slaughtered in a humane way.

The USDA regulations, for example, provide that animals must have access to the outdoors, including access to pasture for ____ animals such as cattle and sheep.

Critics say opening a barn door just minutes per ____, however, might meet this definition and organic animals may never get to walk freely around an outdoor range or pasture.

Instead, like most conventionally raised farm animals, organically-raised animals may live in very confined, close ____ throughout their lives.

To solve this problem, some animal ____ are adding other labels to their foods, such as “open pasture” or “pasture-raised,” to indicate that animals are raised in a pasture rather than fattened in a confined facility.

Consumers, however, must be cautious of some labels that seem to suggest humane conditions; designations such as “free range,” “cage-free,” or “____” do not necessarily guarantee that animals are not confined or raised in the outdoors.

If you ____ been walking around Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 and had come across Independence Hall, you would have encountered something strange.

The street in front of the meeting hall — where many of the nation’s founders were assembled to draft the U.S. ____ — was filled with a gigantic mound of dirt.

The delegates to the Constitutional Convention had ordered the construction of this earthen ____ barrier.

They ____ the sounds of carriages, street sellers, and conversations outside would disturb their intense deliberation and writing.

They weren’t going for a monastic silence. As the historical ____ show, there were plenty of bitter vocal disagreements.

Given the ____ mores of the day, there might have been occasional moments of emotional release through yelling or throwing things at one another.

Still, ____ was an underlying recognition of the need for a quiet container in which to do difficult thinking as a group.

The big dirt mound was an effort to make this ____.

Encoding is the term that is most often ____ to describe the way in which information is put into memory.

Once an ____, item, or event has been attended to (or, in some cases, even if it is not being attended to), it is a valid candidate for encoding into memory.

The encoding ____ creates a mental representation based on the amount of effort and detail that was processed via attention.

For ____, suppose you are shopping at a farmers’ market for winter squash.

Each squash you see is given some low level of processing so that what is encoded into memory is the ____ of seeing many squashes.

This relatively shallow encoding will result in ____ weak memory traces.

However, if you happened to ____ a squash that was unusually shaped, or very large, or that really caught your attention in some way, you might encode with more effort and detail, and this would likely result in a stronger memory trace for that specific squash.