공통영어1 동아 이병민 4과 변형문제

Good afternoon, students. Today, I’d like to ____ about a topic that concerns us all: Money!

Do you ____ that you spend money wisely?

The truth is that most people are not as ____ as they think.

This is because human beings are easily influenced by psychological ____.

____ me illustrate my point through the following examples.

In 2010, Steve Jobs introduced the ____ computer to the world.

During the presentation, he said, “We’re going to price it under a thousand dollars,” which ____ people assumed meant $999.

He went on to talk about the features of the tablet and continued to ____ why the tablet was worth buying.

At the end, he said, “I am thrilled to announce to you that the pricing starts ____ at $999 but at just $499.”

The crowd ____ wild.

The tablet ____ seemed affordable to everyone.

He put the $____ price tag in people’s minds at the beginning so that the $499 price would seem a lot cheaper in comparison.

Steve Jobs used something called the anchoring effect to his ____ here.

It works because people tend to rely on the first piece of information they receive when making ____.

Let’s say you are shopping for a new jacket and the first one you see is priced at $____.

That’s too expensive, as you ____ want to spend more than $50.

Soon after, you see a similar jacket from a different brand with a $70 price ____.

You think it’s affordable, even though the price is still ____ your budget.

This is ____ the first piece of information acts as an anchor that influences your decisions later.

Here’s another ____ example.

Look at the ____ pairs of sneakers.

They both are $50, but the ____ their price is presented is different.

Naturally, people are more drawn to the second ____.

This is because the original price serves as an anchor, making the ____ price appear more reasonable in comparison.

It is common for stores to use this kind of price anchoring as a way to encourage ____.

Now let’s move on to ____ interesting effect.

In an experiment, one group of students was given a coffee mug and a second ____ a chocolate bar.

Both groups were ____ they could exchange their items.

A third group wasn’t given anything and was told to ____ either a chocolate bar or a coffee mug.

This group showed an equal preference for the ____ items.

About half of the group chose the ____ bar, and the other half chose the coffee mug.

This suggested that roughly half of the first and second groups would trade their ____.

Only about 10 percent of the students in the first and second ____ were willing to make the exchange.

Why is this? This is because people ____ something more when they own it.

This is the ____ idea of the endowment effect.

People are ____ likely to give up what they already have or trade it for something else.

Companies often use the ____ effect as a marketing strategy.

For example, many media streaming companies offer ____ trials to customers.

Once customers use the free ____, they feel ownership of that service, even if it’s temporary.

Consequently, they are ____ to value it more and are willing to pay to continue to own it.

Say that a ____ is offering free returns on a smartwatch within 30 days of purchase.

It seems like a good deal, since you can ____ a refund even after using the item.

But once you take this ____ and establish ownership of the watch, it is unlikely that you will return it.

As we’ve seen, our spending can be ____ by factors that appeal to our emotions and mind.

I hope this short lecture gave you a chance to reflect on your own spending and helped you understand the reasons behind irrational purchasing ____.