EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어
12강 어휘 적절성 파악
Gateway 경쟁이 동기와 대인 관계에 미치는 심리적 영향
Studies in psychology have reported cases in which competitive incentives resulted in lower task effort, and their focus was on the psychological underpinnings ____ the reduction in motivation.
For example, competition presents an ____ conflict between the motivation to achieve one’s personal goal and the desire to maintain good relationships with others.
When the maintenance of interpersonal relationships is important, with their counterparts in particular or with others generally, competitors experience an internal conflict that can harm their desire to achieve their ____ and taint the good feeling brought about by winning.
Exline and Lobel found that the perception of ____ as a target for upward social comparison often makes people uncomfortable.
When they believe that others are making envious comparisons with them, people feel uneasiness, ____ or sorrow.
Feelings of guilt, an emotion generally associated with high motivation for goal-achievement, lead to weaker motivation and performance in the pursuit of competitive ____
Consequences ____ this emotional state include lower task motivation in a competition and preferences for more cooperative and altruistic outcomes, such as diminishing the significance of the outcome or sharing the winner’s reward.
1 식탐의 진화적 배경과 그 영향
Our brains evolved when food was scarce; thus, we ____ compelled by our genetic heritage to eat whatever and whenever possible.
____ have a tendency to eat a great deal of food when tasteful food is readily available.
In addition, we ____ subconsciously prevent others from taking our food source.
We defend our access to tasty food when it is within easy reach and is at risk of being ____ by other humans.
Studies have shown that humans will eat more when ____ food is available even when the food is stale or otherwise unappealing.
Furthermore, even if you point out to others that the food is stale ____ that they have eaten more than their fair share, they will continue to eat.
Our biological ____ to consume tasty food to completion outweighs any opposing cognitive or motivational factors.
Even after we have gained a lot of weight, our bodies want ____ gain more.
2 세계화와 각 분야의 변화
The world is shrinking in many ways. For better or worse, satellite television, mobile ____ networks and the internet have created conditions for instantaneous and friction- free communication.
Spatial distance is ____ longer a decisive hindrance for close contact and new, deterritorialized social networks or even ‘virtual communities’ have developed.
At the same time, individuals have a larger palette of information to choose from than ____ previously did. The economy is also increasingly globally integrated.
In the last decades, transnational companies have grown exponentially in ____ size and economic importance. The capitalist mode of production and monetary economies in general have become nearly universal in the twenty-first century.
____ politics as well, global issues increasingly dominate the agenda.
Issues of war and peace, the environment and poverty are ____ of such a scope, and involve so many transnational linkages that they cannot be handled satisfactorily by single states alone.
Pandemics and international terrorism are also transnational problems which can only ____ understood and addressed through international coordination.
3 익숙함으로 인한 뇌 판단의 오류
You could think of fluency as ____ brain’s attempt at making a fast and intuitive truth- judgment as opposed to a more deliberate, analytical assessment.
Of course, the fact that the brain processes familiar things more fluently isn’t a bad thing in itself. In fact, in all likelihood it’s ____ a useful and adaptive heuristic, or rule of thumb, in many situations.
It ____ be absolutely exhausting for your brain if you had to process every bit of information completely anew.
You know that 2×2 = 4 when you read it — this has been repeated ____ you many times, you can process it fast and fluently.
____ real problem is that something can be true or false for many reasons other than familiarity.
If I were to ____ you, for example, how many animals of each kind Moses took with him on the Ark, most people would say ‘two’, despite the fact that in the biblical story it wasn’t Moses on the Ark, it was Noah.
This doesn’t matter to your brain ____ it’s just predicting familiar answers.
4 미디어 독자의 세분화
Targeting and segmentation are of ____ importance to media strategy.
The increase in the number of media channels and vehicles, and ____ consequent fragmentation of media audiences, mean that target groups of consumers are both easier and more difficult to reach.
They are easier ____ reach in the sense that audiences have fragmented into narrow interest groups that are served by thousands of special interest magazines and TV channels.
If an advertiser wants to reach, say, trout fishermen, sports car enthusiasts or TV drama fans, there are specialist publications ____ TV shows that are ideal vehicles for targeting such narrowly defined audiences.
But consumer groups are also more difficult to reach because agencies have great difficulty ____ categorising audiences into target groups that are sufficiently large to be workable for general advertisers.
Being able to target trout fishermen is useful if you are selling fishing tackle, but not for general fast-moving consumer goods sales ____ require varied target groups.
While trout fishermen ____ have other consumer interests too, media vehicles that cater for one hobby are of limited use to most advertisers.