EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어
12강 어휘 적절성 파악
Gateway 경쟁이 동기와 대인 관계에 미치는 심리적 영향
Studies in psychology have reported cases in which competitive incentives resulted in lower task effort, and their ____ was on the psychological underpinnings of the reduction in motivation.
For example, competition presents an inevitable conflict between the ____ to achieve one’s personal goal and the desire to maintain good relationships with others.
____ the maintenance of interpersonal relationships is important, with their counterparts in particular or with others generally, competitors experience an internal conflict that can harm their desire to achieve their goal and taint the good feeling brought about by winning.
Exline and ____ found that the perception of oneself as a target for upward social comparison often makes people uncomfortable.
When they believe that ____ are making envious comparisons with them, people feel uneasiness, distress, or sorrow.
Feelings of guilt, an emotion generally associated with high motivation for goal-achievement, lead to weaker motivation and performance in the pursuit of ____ goals.
Consequences of this emotional state include lower task motivation in a competition and preferences for more cooperative and altruistic ____, such as diminishing the significance of the outcome or sharing the winner’s reward.
1 식탐의 진화적 배경과 그 영향
Our brains evolved when food was scarce; thus, we are ____ by our genetic heritage to eat whatever and whenever possible.
Animals have a tendency to eat a ____ deal of food when tasteful food is readily available.
In addition, we also subconsciously prevent others ____ taking our food source.
We ____ our access to tasty food when it is within easy reach and is at risk of being consumed by other humans.
Studies have shown that humans will eat more when more food is available ____ when the food is stale or otherwise unappealing.
Furthermore, even if you point out to others that the food is stale or that they have eaten more ____ their fair share, they will continue to eat.
Our biological drive to ____ tasty food to completion outweighs any opposing cognitive or motivational factors.
Even after we have gained a lot of weight, our ____ want to gain more.
2 세계화와 각 분야의 변화
The world is shrinking in many ways. For better or worse, satellite television, mobile phone networks and the internet have ____ conditions for instantaneous and friction- free communication.
____ distance is no longer a decisive hindrance for close contact and new, deterritorialized social networks or even ‘virtual communities’ have developed.
At the same time, individuals have a larger palette of ____ to choose from than they previously did. The economy is also increasingly globally integrated.
In the last decades, transnational companies have grown exponentially in ____, size and economic importance. The capitalist mode of production and monetary economies in general have become nearly universal in the twenty-first century.
In politics as well, global issues increasingly dominate the ____.
____ of war and peace, the environment and poverty are all of such a scope, and involve so many transnational linkages that they cannot be handled satisfactorily by single states alone.
Pandemics and ____ terrorism are also transnational problems which can only be understood and addressed through international coordination.
3 익숙함으로 인한 뇌 판단의 오류
You could think of fluency as the brain’s attempt at making a fast and intuitive truth- ____ as opposed to a more deliberate, analytical assessment.
Of course, the fact that the brain processes familiar things more fluently isn’t a bad thing in itself. In fact, in all likelihood it’s probably a useful and adaptive ____, or rule of thumb, in many situations.
It would be absolutely exhausting for your brain if you had to process ____ bit of information completely anew.
You know that 2×2 = 4 when you read it — this has been repeated to you many times, you can ____ it fast and fluently.
The real problem is that something can be true or false for many ____ other than familiarity.
If I were to ask you, for example, how many animals of ____ kind Moses took with him on the Ark, most people would say ‘two’, despite the fact that in the biblical story it wasn’t Moses on the Ark, it was Noah.
This doesn’t matter to your brain though; it’s just predicting familiar ____.
4 미디어 독자의 세분화
Targeting and segmentation are of prime importance to media ____.
The increase in the number of media ____ and vehicles, and the consequent fragmentation of media audiences, mean that target groups of consumers are both easier and more difficult to reach.
They are ____ to reach in the sense that audiences have fragmented into narrow interest groups that are served by thousands of special interest magazines and TV channels.
If an advertiser wants to reach, say, trout fishermen, sports car enthusiasts or TV drama fans, ____ are specialist publications and TV shows that are ideal vehicles for targeting such narrowly defined audiences.
But consumer groups are also more difficult to reach because agencies have great difficulty in ____ audiences into target groups that are sufficiently large to be workable for general advertisers.
Being able to target trout fishermen is useful if you are selling fishing tackle, but not for general fast-moving ____ goods sales that require varied target groups.
While trout fishermen probably have other consumer interests too, media vehicles that cater for ____ hobby are of limited use to most advertisers.