17강 문단 속에 문장 넣기
Gateway 내러티브가 우리에게 끼치는 영향
____ stories clearly dominate statistics from both memorability and persuasiveness perspectives, it's rarely a battle between facts and anecdotes ― or even facts and other facts.
The real clash is actually between stories: ____ predominant incumbent and a new challenger.
As storytelling creatures, we routinely form narratives to help us understand ____ world around us.
When we experience different events or encounter various facts, ____ minds seek to make sense of them by forming stories around them.
For example, if you have had some bad experiences with graduates from a particular university, you may create ____ negative narrative in your mind about people who went to that school.
Suddenly, you judge everyone from the university by ____ you've experienced on just a few unfortunate occasions.
Sometimes these internal narratives we form not only shape our beliefs and opinions but also become deeply ____ in our identity.
For example, the narratives you have formed around gun control or climate change are most ____ related with your political ideology ― who you are as an individual.
Exercise 1 심층 작업과 피상적 작업의 차이
Deep work is when you perform an activity with deep concentration that pushes your cognitive capabilities, and ____ doing so create new value and improve your skills.
These efforts are hard to replicate; and to be able to do ____ work, we need a distraction-free environment.
For many people though, we spend far too much time on ____ other end of the scale, doing what is referred to as shallow work.
This style of working is not cognitively demanding but is rather an execution of logical-type tasks that ____ create new value (although they may still be important).
We often perform ____ tasks while we are distracted.
Shallow work has its place, both because routine-type tasks need to ____ done and because we cannot spend our entire time doing deep work.
The problem with too much shallow work is that we feel busy, maybe even stressed, but we rarely see any output reflecting our ____ effort.
Exercise 2 상징이 만들어 내는 주관적 현실
Subjective reality is acquired ____ shared through agreed-upon symbols, especially language.
Symbols ____ instrumental in helping people derive meanings from social situations.
In social encounters, each person's interpretation or definition of a given situation becomes a subjective reality from ____ person's viewpoint.
We ____ assume that what we consider to be "reality" is shared by others; however, this assumption is often incorrect.
If a person shouts "Fire!" in a crowded movie theater, for example, that language ____ the same response (attempting to escape) in all of those who hear and understand it.
When people in a group do not share the same meaning for a given symbol, however, confusion results; for example, people who did not know the meaning of the word fire would not know ____ the commotion was about.
____ people interpret the messages they receive and the situations they encounter becomes their subjective reality and may strongly influence their behavior.
Exercise 3 우울증의 다양한 원인, 증상, 치료법
Depression is ____ and it is common.
Roughly one in seven people will experience at least one full-blown ____ episode in their lifetime.
It is a tragedy on an individual and a societal level, yet we ― and by we, ____ mean all of us, including doctors ― struggle to grasp it.
This is because depression is not one disease; it is a collection of symptoms that ____ similar across sufferers, despite resulting from a melting pot of diverse causes and mechanisms.
There is no single reason for depression: one person's depressive episode seems to clearly stem from recent life events, another from historic trauma and loss, ____ another out of the blue, with no clear psychological or social cause whatsoever.
There is also no one presentation of depression: in fact, there are 227 possible symptom ____ that meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder.
Perhaps understandably, there ____ no one treatment for this condition, either.
Antidepressants lead to improvement in roughly a third of patients, offer some kind of ____ in another third, while a final third remain completely unaffected.
Exercise 4 철학에서 유추의 두 가지 기능
Analogies can serve two different functions ____ philosophy.
Sometimes, as seems often the case in Plato, for example, they serve simply to ____
When Socrates compares the Good with the sun, ____ may simply be using the image of the sun to help bring to life his arguments about the Good.
On other ____ however, the analogy can be an integral part of an argument.
Consider ____ of the most popular arguments for the existence of God, the 'argument from design', which has been advanced by many thinkers, from the ancient Stoics to British theologian William Paley.
____ argument holds that just as an artefact such as a watch implies the existence of an artisan, so the universe implies the existence of a divine creator.
Here the analogy with the watch ____ not meant simply to illustrate a point.
Rather, the analogy is supposed to show why ____ should conclude that the universe has a creator.
Exercise 5 결과와 과정으로서의 회복
Psychological recovery ____ relate to the restoration of mental resources such as attention, motivation, mental energy, and mood.
Recovery can be considered a process as well as ____ outcome.
Recovery as an outcome refers to one's physiological and psychological state after a certain recovery period, which can be, for instance, at the end ____ the day, after engaging in a certain activity, or after waking up.
Physiological recovery outcomes involve the restoration of physiological resources such as muscle strength, heart rate, and the absence of physical fatigue (e.g., muscle soreness, heavy arms ____ legs).
As such, one's physiological and psychological states act as a resource ____ functions as a stress-buffer for upcoming activities as well.
Recovery as a process refers to those activities and experiences that result in a change ____ one's physiological and psychological state.
Accordingly, recovery processes precede recovery outcomes and, consequently, determine whether ____ recovery is obtained.
Regarding recovery processes, physical inactivity is generally considered the most effective ____ to restore physiological resources.
Exercise 6 고통의 경험이 삶의 의미 인식에 미치는 영향
The difficult times that we endure play ____ key role in helping us to lead more meaningful lives.
____ Jean-Paul Sartre put it, "Human life begins on the far side of despair."
That is, many ____ the ways people feel their lives are meaningful are grounded in the sufferings they have experienced.
One research project investigated the ____ between people who found their lives to be happy and those who found them to be meaningful.
While, on ____ happy lives and meaningful lives overlap a great deal, the researchers focused on those aspects of a meaningful life that were distinct from happiness.
And, remarkably, they found ____ people who had more meaningful lives reported that they had more experience suffering through past negative events.
They also reported worrying more and enduring more things that ____ them stress.
On the other hand, these past experiences with suffering tended to reduce people's overall levels ____ happiness.
Our sufferings, then, seem to help to provide people with the sense that their lives are more meaningful, even if these events are associated with lower feelings ____ happiness.