16강 문단 내 글의 순서 파악
Gateway 반복적인 과정에 기반한 시계
We usually think of a clock as a physical thing, ____ an alarm clock or a wristwatch.
But a clock is really a process embodied in a machine, and the ____ of that process is repetitive.
A clock can be almost any process that repeats itself over and over again for an ____ period.
Water ____ drip at a steady pace; quartz crystals vibrate regularly.
Indeed, it is almost impossible to think of a clock that ____ not depend on a repetitive cycle of events.
The only example that comes to mind readily is a ____ marked in hours.
But here too there is iteration ― the repeated burning of molecules of wax ― so this too is an iterative process, ____ at first masked.
The use of ____ dating is another, much longer scale clock that also appears to be like this.
It seems to yield a smooth ____ scale but in fact does not: the decay of atoms of carbon-14 is repetitive, although on a large scale it gives the appearance of being continuous.
Exercise 1 온라인으로 글을 쓸 때 독자의 관심을 끄는 방법
In academia, you are taught to write up your results thus: "I came up with a hypothesis, ____ I did this experiment, and then I did another experiment, then I tested my ideas some more, and so on until [dramatic fanfare] ta-da! I proved this."
If you wrote this way online, very few of your readers would make it to your dramatic conclusion, no ____ how exciting or groundbreaking it was.
Online, we don't ____ the patience to wait for your big reveal at the end.
____, you need to tell us up front: "I proved this! And here's how I know it..."
Your readership may still dwindle and trail off over the course of your ____, but at least the vast majority know what it is you've achieved from the very beginning.
A few more of them may stay along for the ride if the opening line ― the "hook," in journalistic terms ― is particularly ____.
If you grab their attention ____, you can more likely convince more readers to stay for the whole story.
Exercise 2 뇌의 대리 기능
The human perceptual system is ____ to recognize objects under changing illuminations, situations, and contexts.
It is extraordinarily adapted to a ____ changing world.
To deal with this uncertainty, the brain uses not ____, but multiple routes.
If ____ is blocked, it takes another route.
This immense flexibility of the brain to rely on changing cues, according to whatever is available, is known as vicarious ____.
It can be found in most biological ____.
For instance, migrating birds fly thousands of miles and ____ rely on the stars to navigate.
But if it's a cloudy day, they may instead rely on landmarks or their ____ sense.
Similarly, the brain can recognize a face by the ____ of the eyes, nose, and mouth.
In extreme cases, ____ a few lines are sufficient, as when we recognize the face of a celebrity in caricatures made with just a few pencil strokes.
Face recognition also functions even ____ parts of a face are covered and internal features such as eyes are hardly visible.
In this case, the brain ____ on external features such as hair and head shape.
Exercise 3 누구도 원하지 않는 땅 Bir Tawil
Bir ____ is a strange place.
In January 1899, administrators of the British Empire ____ to finalize a border between the countries of Egypt and Sudan.
In colonial fashion, they decided to use the conveniently straight line of the ____ parallel of latitude.
Unsurprisingly, this new international ____ arbitrarily tore through local tribes and communities, and in 1902, the British drew a new line to reflect tribal territories.
The ____ of these two intersecting lines brought about the creation of two new areas: the large, inhabitable coastal area called the Hala'ib Triangle and an empty, landlocked patch of desert, which is Bir Tawil.
To keep the desirable Hala'ib, Egypt ____ claimed the original, straight border of 1899, whereas Sudan ― with the same goal in mind ― claimed the new 1902 line.
The strange result of this long-standing conflict is that, to this day, both countries refuse to claim Bir Tawil, an area of land roughly the size of London, as it would ____ giving up a greater prize.
This makes Bir Tawil the ____ ― perhaps the only ― piece of land that no country wants.
Exercise 4 준거 집단의 효과
An in-group can become a reference ____, a group that is used as the frame of reference for evaluating one's own behavior.
Members of a ____ organization, for example, may evaluate themselves by the standards of the group and feel proud about their contribution to a community service project.
This ____ self-evaluation reflects the normative effect of a reference group whose members share the same view of themselves.
If other members of your reference group (say, your parents) have high self-esteem, you, too, are likely to share that ____ and have high self-esteem.
The normative ____ basically involves imitating the reference group.
However, reference ____ can also have comparison effects and associative effects on self-appraisals.
If most of your classmates shine in academic achievement, you are likely to compare yourself with ____.
As a result, you may have a negative self-evaluation, ____ that your academic performance is not up to par.
Being associated with the brilliant group, though, makes you feel ____ of yourself, "basking in reflected glory."
Exercise 5 음악의 근접성 원리
In ____, proximity may refer to elements' being close together in pitch, time, or space.
For example, notes that are ____ in pitch may be grouped together.
Notes are also grouped together if they are played together in time or if they come ____ the same instrument or section of a larger musical group.
To get a sense of the idea of proximity, imagine a ____ playing a piano.
Typically, the right hand plays notes that are higher in ____ than the left hand.
Also, most often, it is the right hand that plays the melody, ____ the left hand plays the bass line or accompaniment.
Even though all of the notes are ____ in close spatial proximity and at approximately the same time, we hear the notes from the right hand emerging as melody because they are grouped together with respect to pitch.
Similarly, in some of Bach's famous solo music for violin, the violinist essentially creates two streams of music by simultaneously playing both high and ____ notes.
Perceptually, we group the high ____ together and group the low notes together, so we hear it as polyphonic or as two lines of music.
Exercise 6 공공재의 가치
Public goods are undervalued in markets, which exist for private goods but rarely for public ____.
For example, ____ habitats such as wetlands provide diverse benefits that are often public goods, including breeding or refuge for unique species, recreation, hunting and tourism, or purification of water supplies.
These ____ are enjoyed simultaneously by many people and are provided to them for "free" by the natural functioning of the wetlands.
As a result, ____ is no "market" and thus no "price" for these public good uses of wetlands.
But the actual ____ of these services is not zero.
Because many people benefit from ____ services, their value is the total additional benefits of all individuals who enjoy provision of these services by wetlands.
This value could be huge, even though there is no apparent "market price" for ____ wetland services.
This gap between the (zero) price for wetland services and their actual value to all beneficiaries ____ how much these public goods are undervalued in markets.