2026 수능특강 영어 21강 변형

____ England is characterised by the full development of the Industrial Revolution.

England became the first industrial nation in the world and, by 1850, the first nation to have more people employed in ____ than in agriculture.

Expanding trade coincided with the growth of the Empire and brought great wealth to Britain, but this wealth was ____ evenly distributed.

Many enterprising individuals (the ‘self-made men’) rose from humble origins to positions of wealth and influence, but large sections of the working class were forced into the overcrowded slums of large cities where they worked long hours for low ____ in unhealthy conditions.

The manufacturing ____ of the north of England provided some of the worst examples and inspired such socially conscious novels as Kingsley’s Alton Locke, Gaskell’s Mary Barton, and Dickens’s Hard Times.

In the south there was London, already the largest city in the world, showing ____ the crime, evil, and misery which result from overpopulation and unplanned growth.

We learnt to cut wood and plough the earth once we had acquired the ability to attach a stone tip to a ____ handle.

Wood was abundant, but rare flint was needed for the ____.

In axes, raw and unrefined stone was replaced with ____ in about 4000 BCE.

Found all over Europe, flint axes and knives were produced in great quantities — about ____ a million every year.

But there were very few flint mines. Axe heads originating from one flint deposit in the Alps have been found all over Western ____.

Axes from ____ Poland have been discovered 800 kilometres away.

So the earliest human tool, the flint axe, already ____ two types of raw material — the easily replaceable stick and the precious flint, which was handed down from one generation to another, travelling huge distances on its way.

The owners had to ____ the sites where flint was found, and the first property rights developed.

Others had to produce something of value to exchange: a flock of ____, for example, or cured hides. This is how trade began.

Malcolm Gladwell, in his best-selling book Outliers, ____ not only how a culture’s history can influence a child’s development and, thus, adult accomplishments, but also that such influences can extend back many generations and over different continents.

Did one’s ancestors make a living as independent farmers tending rice paddies, which required planning and persistent labor, or did they make a living as serfs growing potatoes, which required planting in the spring and ____ in the fall, with little attention necessary in between?

Are you a descendant of farmers, whose crops were relatively immune to theft, or of ranchers, whose livelihoods could be stolen from under ____ nose?

Were people born in a time of economic plenty or hardship? Exceptional people (the “outliers” in the title of his book), Gladwell asserts, are not simply the product of ____ work and native intelligence.

They are the result of the practices of their culture at a particular time in ____.

Although Gladwell never mentions ____ or sociocultural theory, his book illustrates the importance of sociohistorical influences on development.

Seeing geography as a decisive factor in the course of human history can be construed as a bleak view of the ____, which is why it is disliked in some intellectual circles.

It ____ that nature is more powerful than man and that we can go only so far in determining our own fate.

However, other factors clearly have an ____ on events, too.

Any sensible person ____ see that technology is now bending the iron rules of geography.

It has found ways over, under, or ____ some of the barriers.

The Americans can now fly a plane all the way from Missouri to Mosul on a bombing mission without ____ to land to refuel.

That, along with their great aircraft carrier battle groups, means they no longer absolutely have to have an ally or a colony in order to ____ their global reach around the world.

Of course, if they do have an air base on the island of Diego Garcia, or permanent access to the port in Bahrain, then they have more options; but it is ____ essential.