2026 수능특강 영어 21강 변형

Victorian England is characterised ____ the full development of the Industrial Revolution.

England became the first industrial nation in the world and, by 1850, the first nation to have more people ____ in industry than in agriculture.

Expanding trade coincided with the growth of the Empire and brought great wealth to Britain, but this ____ was not evenly distributed.

Many enterprising individuals (the ‘self-made men’) rose from humble origins to positions of wealth and influence, but large sections of ____ working class were forced into the overcrowded slums of large cities where they worked long hours for low wages in unhealthy conditions.

The manufacturing towns of the north of England provided some of the worst examples and inspired such socially conscious novels as Kingsley’s Alton Locke, Gaskell’s Mary Barton, and Dickens’s ____ Times.

In the south there was London, already the largest city in the world, showing all the crime, ____ and misery which result from overpopulation and unplanned growth.

We learnt to cut ____ and plough the earth once we had acquired the ability to attach a stone tip to a wooden handle.

Wood was abundant, but ____ flint was needed for the tip.

In axes, raw and unrefined stone was replaced with flint in ____ 4000 BCE.

Found all over Europe, flint axes and knives were produced in great quantities — about half a million every ____

But there were very few ____ mines. Axe heads originating from one flint deposit in the Alps have been found all over Western Europe.

Axes from central Poland have been discovered 800 kilometres ____

So the earliest human tool, the flint ____ already combined two types of raw material — the easily replaceable stick and the precious flint, which was handed down from one generation to another, travelling huge distances on its way.

The owners had to protect the sites where flint was found, and ____ first property rights developed.

Others had to produce something of value to exchange: a flock of sheep, for example, or cured hides. This is how ____ began.

Malcolm Gladwell, in his best-selling book Outliers, shows not only how a culture’s history can influence a child’s ____ and, thus, adult accomplishments, but also that such influences can extend back many generations and over different continents.

Did one’s ancestors make a living as independent farmers tending rice paddies, which required planning and persistent labor, or did they make ____ living as serfs growing potatoes, which required planting in the spring and harvesting in the fall, with little attention necessary in between?

Are you a descendant of farmers, whose crops were relatively immune to theft, or of ranchers, ____ livelihoods could be stolen from under one’s nose?

Were people born in a time ____ economic plenty or hardship? Exceptional people (the “outliers” in the title of his book), Gladwell asserts, are not simply the product of hard work and native intelligence.

They are the result of the ____ of their culture at a particular time in history.

Although ____ never mentions Vygotsky or sociocultural theory, his book illustrates the importance of sociohistorical influences on development.

Seeing geography as a decisive factor in the course of human history can be construed as a bleak view of the world, ____ is why it is disliked in some intellectual circles.

It suggests that nature is more powerful than man and ____ we can go only so far in determining our own fate.

However, ____ factors clearly have an influence on events, too.

Any sensible person can see that technology is now bending the iron ____ of geography.

It has found ways over, under, or through some of ____ barriers.

The Americans can now fly a plane all the way ____ Missouri to Mosul on a bombing mission without needing to land to refuel.

That, along with their great aircraft carrier battle groups, means they no longer absolutely have ____ have an ally or a colony in order to extend their global reach around the world.

Of course, if they do have an air base on the island of Diego Garcia, or permanent ____ to the port in Bahrain, then they have more options; but it is less essential.