EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어
12강 어휘 적절성 파악
Gateway 경쟁이 동기와 대인 관계에 미치는 심리적 영향
Studies in psychology have reported cases in which competitive incentives resulted in lower task effort, and their ____ was on the psychological underpinnings of the reduction in motivation.
For example, competition presents an inevitable conflict between the motivation to achieve one’s personal goal and ____ desire to maintain good relationships with others.
When the maintenance of ____ relationships is important, with their counterparts in particular or with others generally, competitors experience an internal conflict that can harm their desire to achieve their goal and taint the good feeling brought about by winning.
Exline and Lobel found that the perception of oneself as ____ target for upward social comparison often makes people uncomfortable.
When they believe that others are making ____ comparisons with them, people feel uneasiness, distress, or sorrow.
Feelings of guilt, an emotion generally associated with high motivation for goal-achievement, lead to weaker motivation and performance in the ____ of competitive goals.
Consequences of this emotional state include lower ____ motivation in a competition and preferences for more cooperative and altruistic outcomes, such as diminishing the significance of the outcome or sharing the winner’s reward.
1 식탐의 진화적 배경과 그 영향
Our brains evolved when food ____ scarce; thus, we are compelled by our genetic heritage to eat whatever and whenever possible.
Animals have a tendency to eat a great ____ of food when tasteful food is readily available.
In addition, we also subconsciously prevent ____ from taking our food source.
We defend ____ access to tasty food when it is within easy reach and is at risk of being consumed by other humans.
Studies have ____ that humans will eat more when more food is available even when the food is stale or otherwise unappealing.
Furthermore, even if you point out to others that the food is stale or that they have eaten more than their fair share, they ____ continue to eat.
Our biological drive to consume tasty food to completion outweighs ____ opposing cognitive or motivational factors.
Even after we have gained a lot of weight, ____ bodies want to gain more.
2 세계화와 각 분야의 변화
The world is shrinking in many ways. For better or worse, satellite television, mobile phone networks and the internet have created conditions ____ instantaneous and friction- free communication.
Spatial distance is no longer a decisive hindrance for close contact and new, ____ social networks or even ‘virtual communities’ have developed.
At the same time, individuals have a larger palette ____ information to choose from than they previously did. The economy is also increasingly globally integrated.
In the last decades, transnational companies have grown ____ in numbers, size and economic importance. The capitalist mode of production and monetary economies in general have become nearly universal in the twenty-first century.
In politics as well, global issues increasingly dominate the ____
Issues of war and peace, the ____ and poverty are all of such a scope, and involve so many transnational linkages that they cannot be handled satisfactorily by single states alone.
Pandemics and international terrorism are also transnational problems which can ____ be understood and addressed through international coordination.
3 익숙함으로 인한 뇌 판단의 오류
You could think of fluency as the brain’s attempt at making a fast and intuitive truth- judgment as opposed to a more ____ analytical assessment.
Of course, the fact that the brain processes familiar things more fluently isn’t a bad thing in itself. In ____ in all likelihood it’s probably a useful and adaptive heuristic, or rule of thumb, in many situations.
It would be absolutely exhausting for your brain if you had to process every bit ____ information completely anew.
You know that 2×2 = ____ when you read it — this has been repeated to you many times, you can process it fast and fluently.
The real problem is that something can be true or false for ____ reasons other than familiarity.
If I were to ask you, for example, how many animals of each kind Moses took with him on the Ark, most people would say ‘two’, despite ____ fact that in the biblical story it wasn’t Moses on the Ark, it was Noah.
This doesn’t matter to your brain though; it’s just predicting ____ answers.
4 미디어 독자의 세분화
Targeting ____ segmentation are of prime importance to media strategy.
The increase in the number of media channels and ____ and the consequent fragmentation of media audiences, mean that target groups of consumers are both easier and more difficult to reach.
They are easier to reach in the sense that audiences have fragmented into narrow interest groups that are served by thousands of special interest magazines and TV ____
If an advertiser wants to reach, say, trout fishermen, sports car enthusiasts or TV ____ fans, there are specialist publications and TV shows that are ideal vehicles for targeting such narrowly defined audiences.
But consumer groups are also more difficult to reach because agencies have great difficulty in categorising audiences into target groups that are sufficiently large to be workable for general ____
Being able to target trout ____ is useful if you are selling fishing tackle, but not for general fast-moving consumer goods sales that require varied target groups.
While trout fishermen probably have other consumer interests too, media vehicles that cater for ____ hobby are of limited use to most advertisers.