공통영어2 천재 강상구 4과 변형문제

We are surrounded by mass-produced items, which are manufactured in quick and cheap ways that ensure maximum ____.

____ things without relying on machines is often difficult and slow.

That is why more and more ____ skills are going extinct.

Despite all this, there are artisans ____ the world who make things in the old ways with their own bare hands.

Here are three countries that ____ how traditional crafts are still standing.

The women in the town of Sejnane in Tunisia, like Aljia ____ and her daughter, Rim, still follow the methods of making pottery by hand that date back over 3,000 years.

They collect clay and ____ it out to dry for about five days under the sun.

They add broken ____ of pottery to make the clay stronger.

The mixture is molded into a shape that comes to mind on the ____.

Then, the ____ is coated with white clay or red earth.

____, it is fired over an open flame.

Then, it is ____ time to decorate it.

All the colors come from nature, and the designs give the pottery its unique ____.

In the past, the women of Sejnane mostly made practical items ____ bowls, dishes, and cups.

Unfortunately, it is much harder to sell those nowadays, since ____ plastic and metal products are cheaper.

This made the women think more creatively, and now they ____ original pieces like vases and dolls.

The work is tough, and the ____ has been avoided by young people.

However, Rim says, “It has made me a more patient ____.

Everything about it needs to be done step by ____.

Everything is in slow ____.

This is ____ a life lesson that I really cherish.”

____, a village in India, is home to the traditional craft of mirror making.

Here, the mirrors are ____ entirely of metal.

With typical glass mirrors, light has to travel through the ____ in order to get reflected on the back of the glass coated with metal.

In contrast, the Aranmula mirror reflects light on the surface of the ____ and shows a more accurate reflection.

The craft has been passed ____ in Aranmula for around 500 years.

Sudhammal J learned the trade ____ from her father when she was little, including the formula for the perfect ratio of tin and copper to create the mirror’s reflective surface.

The process is incredibly laborious and is done entirely by ____.

Sudhammal ____ with her son, Niranjan, often into the night.

They ____ make a clay mold and then prepare pieces of tin and copper.

With the right mixture of the metal pieces filling the inside, the clay mold ____ in a 1,200-degree fire for about an hour.

After the metal pieces melt, they cool down the ____, break it, and take the mirror out of it.

It ____ reflective just yet.

It needs to go ____ several rounds of polishing.

The final step is to ____ the mirror inside the metal frame.

Niranjan ____ home to the craft after getting a business degree.

“My grandfather’s death led me to ____ my mother.

Through that, my ____ and passion grew, too.

The new generation seems uninterested in the craft mostly because of the harsh working conditions, unbearable heat, and long hours of ____ work.

However, we ____ sell our craft to machines because that would end up dissolving our collective identity.”

In Jeonju, Korea, Kim Dong-sik has been making hapjukseons, traditional folding fans that used to be ____ for royal families.

He uses a 350-year-old technique that has been ____ down through his family.

Although the fan ____ simple, the process of making it involves about 150 manual steps using natural materials.

It takes four to five days to ____ just one fan.

It ____ with preparing bamboo.

He makes it soft by boiling it and ____ it out to dry for up to two weeks.

Then, he splits the ____ into strips and thins them down again and again until you can see through them.

He then glues two strips into one rib and ____ the ribs tightly.

This ____ the fan incredibly strong.

Now that the framework is ready, he spreads the fan ribs out with glue applied on ____.

Then, he carefully ____ paper to the ribs, folding it for each rib.

Afterward, the fan may be left plain or ____ by a painter.

Kim says, “To ____ a fan, you need a lot of patience and determination.

In the old days, ____ the fans were made this way.

I stand by this so that the perfect traditional skills can be taught and carried into the ____.”