공통영어1 동아 이병민 4과 변형문제

Good afternoon, students. Today, I’d like to talk about a topic that ____ us all: Money!

Do you think that you spend ____ wisely?

The ____ is that most people are not as rational as they think.

This is because ____ beings are easily influenced by psychological factors.

Let me ____ my point through the following examples.

In 2010, Steve ____ introduced the tablet computer to the world.

During the presentation, he said, “We’re going to ____ it under a thousand dollars,” which most people assumed meant $999.

He went on to talk about the features of the tablet and continued to ____ why the tablet was worth buying.

At the end, he said, “I am ____ to announce to you that the pricing starts not at $999 but at just $499.”

The ____ went wild.

The tablet suddenly seemed ____ to everyone.

He put the $999 price ____ in people’s minds at the beginning so that the $499 price would seem a lot cheaper in comparison.

Steve Jobs used something called the anchoring effect to his advantage ____.

It works because people tend to rely on the first piece of information they ____ when making decisions.

Let’s say you are shopping for a new ____ and the first one you see is priced at $100.

That’s too expensive, as ____ don’t want to spend more than $50.

Soon after, ____ see a similar jacket from a different brand with a $70 price tag.

You think it’s affordable, even ____ the price is still beyond your budget.

This is because the first piece of information ____ as an anchor that influences your decisions later.

____ another common example.

Look at the two ____ of sneakers.

They both are $50, but the ____ their price is presented is different.

____, people are more drawn to the second pair.

This is because the original price serves as an ____, making the discounted price appear more reasonable in comparison.

It is common for stores to use this kind of price ____ as a way to encourage purchases.

Now let’s move on to another interesting ____.

In an experiment, one ____ of students was given a coffee mug and a second group a chocolate bar.

Both groups were told they could exchange their ____.

A ____ group wasn’t given anything and was told to choose either a chocolate bar or a coffee mug.

This group showed an equal ____ for the two items.

About half of the group chose the ____ bar, and the other half chose the coffee mug.

This suggested that roughly half of the first and second ____ would trade their items.

Only about 10 percent of the students in the first and second groups were ____ to make the exchange.

Why is this? This is because people value something ____ when they own it.

This is the basic ____ of the endowment effect.

People are less likely to give up what they already have or trade it for ____ else.

Companies often use the endowment effect as a ____ strategy.

For example, many media streaming companies offer free trials to ____.

Once customers use the free trial, they feel ownership of that service, ____ if it’s temporary.

Consequently, they are likely to value it more and are willing to pay to continue to ____ it.

Say that a company is offering free returns on a smartwatch within 30 days of ____.

It seems like a good deal, since you can get a refund even ____ using the item.

But once you take this deal and establish ownership of the ____, it is unlikely that you will return it.

As we’ve seen, our spending can be influenced by ____ that appeal to our emotions and mind.

I hope this ____ lecture gave you a chance to reflect on your own spending and helped you understand the reasons behind irrational purchasing decisions.