공통영어1 동아 이병민 4과 변형문제

Good afternoon, students. Today, I’d like to talk ____ a topic that concerns us all: Money!

Do you ____ that you spend money wisely?

The ____ is that most people are not as rational as they think.

This is because ____ beings are easily influenced by psychological factors.

Let me illustrate my point ____ the following examples.

In 2010, Steve Jobs ____ the tablet computer to the world.

During the presentation, he said, “We’re going to ____ it under a thousand dollars,” which most people assumed meant $999.

He went on to talk about the features of the tablet and continued to justify ____ the tablet was worth buying.

At the end, he said, “I am thrilled to announce to you that the pricing starts not at $999 but at just $____.”

The crowd went ____.

The tablet suddenly ____ affordable to everyone.

He put the $999 price tag in people’s minds at the beginning so that the $____ price would seem a lot cheaper in comparison.

Steve Jobs used something called the anchoring effect to his ____ here.

It works because people tend to rely on the ____ piece of information they receive when making decisions.

Let’s ____ you are shopping for a new jacket and the first one you see is priced at $100.

That’s too expensive, as you don’t ____ to spend more than $50.

Soon after, you see a similar jacket from a different brand with a $70 ____ tag.

You think ____ affordable, even though the price is still beyond your budget.

This is because the first ____ of information acts as an anchor that influences your decisions later.

Here’s ____ common example.

Look at the two ____ of sneakers.

They both are $50, but the way their price is ____ is different.

Naturally, people are more ____ to the second pair.

This is because the original price serves as an anchor, making the discounted ____ appear more reasonable in comparison.

It is common for stores to use this kind of price anchoring as a way to encourage ____.

Now ____ move on to another interesting effect.

In an experiment, one group of students was given a coffee mug and a second ____ a chocolate bar.

Both groups were told they could ____ their items.

A third group wasn’t given anything and was told to choose either a ____ bar or a coffee mug.

This group showed an equal ____ for the two items.

About ____ of the group chose the chocolate bar, and the other half chose the coffee mug.

This suggested that roughly ____ of the first and second groups would trade their items.

Only about 10 percent of the students in the first and second groups were willing to ____ the exchange.

____ is this? This is because people value something more when they own it.

This is the basic idea of the endowment ____.

People are less ____ to give up what they already have or trade it for something else.

Companies often use the endowment effect as a ____ strategy.

For ____, many media streaming companies offer free trials to customers.

Once customers ____ the free trial, they feel ownership of that service, even if it’s temporary.

Consequently, they are likely to value it more and are willing to ____ to continue to own it.

____ that a company is offering free returns on a smartwatch within 30 days of purchase.

It seems like a good deal, since you can ____ a refund even after using the item.

But ____ you take this deal and establish ownership of the watch, it is unlikely that you will return it.

As we’ve seen, our spending can be influenced by factors that appeal to our emotions and ____.

I hope this short lecture gave you a chance to reflect on your own spending and ____ you understand the reasons behind irrational purchasing decisions.