2027 수능특강 영어 Test 3 빈칸 채우기

____ am writing to request your assistance in protecting our most vulnerable students.

Respiratory viruses such as the flu ____ spread quickly in a school setting.

Protecting the health and well-being of our students and staff ____ our top priority.

By working together, we can help ensure a safe and productive school year ____ everyone.

Some of our students have serious autoimmune conditions, making ____ more at risk for infections.

To help protect all students, we kindly ____ that you notify the school if your child has been diagnosed with any of respiratory illnesses.

Because doctor's notes for excused absences often do not specify the illness, providing this ____ directly to the school allows us to take appropriate measures to prevent further spread.

Please be assured that your ____ personal information will be kept strictly private.

Thank you for your cooperation and ____ If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.

At the violin competition, ____ hands shook slightly as I stepped onto the stage.

It had been years since I last performed on stage, and every eye ____ the room seemed fixed on me, pressing down with silent weight.

I held the violin tightly, uncertain of how the first note would ____

Then, as I looked down, the ____ surface caught a faint reflection ― my father's face, just as I remembered.

In that moment, ____ settled.

I thought of the quiet evenings ____ he sat beside me during practice, gently nodding in rhythm.

His presence was steady ____ unwavering.

I drew in a slow breath and raised ____ violin to my chin, anchoring it against my shoulder.

The bow ____ just above the strings, then touched down with purpose.

My grip steadied, and with each movement that followed, I ____ Pachelbel's Canon in D ― no longer hesitating, but sure and measured from the first note on.

One myth in journalism was that independence required journalists to ____ neutral.

This confusion arose when the concept of objectivity became so mangled it ____ to be used to describe the very problem it was conceived to correct.

What we need to do now is recapture the original meaning of objectivity intended when the concept migrated from social ____ to journalism early in the twentieth century.

Objectivity was not meant to suggest that journalists were ____ bias.

On the ____ precisely because journalists could never be objective, their methods had to be.

In the recognition that everyone is biased, in other words, the news, like science, should flow from a process for reporting that is defensible, rigorous, and transparent ― and this process is even more critical in a ____ age.

Today, when content comes from so many sources, this concept of objectivity of method ____ conveyed ― rather than personal objectivity ― is more vital than ever.

Without bark, a tree cannot transport sugar from its leaves to ____ roots.

____ the roots starve, they shut down their pumping mechanisms, and because water no longer flows through the trunk up to the crown, the whole tree dries out.

However, many of the girdled trees continued to ____ with more or less vigor.

I now know that this ____ only possible with the help of intact neighboring trees.

Thanks to the underground network, ____ took over the disrupted task of provisioning the roots and thus made it possible for their buddies to survive.

Some trees even ____ to bridge the gap in their bark with new growth.

I have learned from this just how powerful ____ community of trees can be.

"A ____ is only as strong as its weakest link."

Trees could have come up with ____ old craftsperson's saying.

And because ____ know this intuitively, they do not hesitate to help each other out.

There are a growing number of AI tools that ____ use to screen job applicants.

These automated systems decide which smaller set of applicants from a ____ pool will reach a human hiring manager.

The AI tool analyzes video interviews for content, word choice, facial expressions, and so on, assigning ____ interviewee an "employability score," which is compared to those of other applicants.

But the validity ____ these tools is dubious; in fact, there is no evidence that these scores accurately predict job performance.

Critics worry that algorithms trained on limited data will be more likely to give higher employability scores to typical ____ who are more frequently represented in the current workforce and give lower scores to those who appear atypical because they are less frequently represented in the current workforce.

The result would be to reinforce current demographic imbalances instead ____ building a diverse workforce.

Put differently, these automated ____ tools seem to be reproducing biased wallpaper in hiring decisions.

And, in fact, the technology may even be magnifying bias in ____ ways.

Scientific research is ____

Reaching the stage of becoming an independent and productive researcher able to pursue one's ____ requires a long period of study followed by more years of apprenticeship.

Even after that it requires long hours and often repetitive detailed work with little chance ____ obtaining wealth and glory, except for a tiny number who obtain Nobel prizes and the like, and even for them the fame is often short-lived.

The respect and approval of the small community ____ their peers is often their main reward.

So why do ____ do it?

____ all do it because of an intense curiosity, the desire to understand how the world works.

Many because it promises to be able to solve important problems and ____ the world a better place.

Yet others go into it because it is intellectually stimulating and rewarding, and has the promise of prestige, a good career, and a modestly comfortable ____

When it comes to individual scientists, there will likely ____ a range of overlapping motivations for their choice.

As Michael Patrick Lynch observes in his book The Internet of Us: Knowing More and Understanding Less in the Age of Big Data, ____ information we derive from making correlations with big data often can be misleading unless we understand its context.

He cites the example of a famous video map of cultural history that was ____ by using a data set of births and deaths of "notable" people over the past two thousand years.

The ____ and findings of the map were entirely dependent on the creators' assumptions of their data's parameters, including what constitutes a "notable" person.

In other words, the answers we get are only as meaningful as ____ questions we frame.

And for that, we need an understanding not just of correlations but of how and why ____ facts are so.

Instead of seeing strands of information, we need to view the ____ tapestry of relationships in a system.

Thus, it is not enough to see that "culture" spread to different geographical hotspots in ____ particular pattern.

____ would need to study the social, economic, and political contexts.

The purpose of data literacy, then, is to give us the ____ to read the digital record and also to understand when we ought to look elsewhere.

William James was ____ in New York City into a wealthy and intellectual family.

____ father was an unusual theologian, and his brother, Henry James, became a well-known novelist.

During ____ childhood, William spent several years in Europe, where he developed a passion for painting.

However, at 19, he abandoned art to study ____

He enrolled at Harvard Medical School, but his studies were interrupted by health issues and depression, which prevented him from ever ____ medicine.

Despite these challenges, he graduated and, in 1872, ____ teaching physiology at Harvard University.

Over time, his interest ____ toward psychology and philosophy, leading to influential publications in both fields.

In 1880, he was ____ a professor of philosophy at Harvard, where he made significant contributions to pragmatism and functional psychology.

His ____ including The Principles of Psychology and Pragmatism, remain highly influential.

He taught at Harvard until ____ retirement in 1907.

Ecosystem structure ____ to the individuals and communities of plants and animals of which an ecosystem is composed, their age and spatial distribution, and the abiotic resources.

____ ecosystems have thousands of structural elements, each exhibiting varying degrees of complexity.

Scientists have learned ____ when enough separate elements are thrown together into a complex system, a sort of spontaneous order results.

One property ____ such systems is their tendency to generate emergent phenomena, which can be defined as properties of the whole that could not be predicted from an understanding of the individual parts, no matter how detailed that understanding.

Complex systems are also characterized by highly nonlinear behavior, which means that we cannot predict ____ outcomes of large interventions based on an understanding of smaller ones.

For example, removing 40% of a species stock from an ecosystem may have a qualitatively different impact than removing 20% ― that is, not just twice the known ____ of removing 20%.

When people are relieved of the cognitive load imposed by their environment, ____ immediately become more creative, neuroscientist Moshe Bar has found.

Bar, who directs the Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, ____ that when he taxed subjects' mental resources as they completed a test of creative thinking, they came up with more "statistically common" (that is, conventional and commonplace) associations.

In his study, Bar found that "a high mental load consistently ____ the originality and creativity" of his subjects' responses.

____ explanation: when our minds are otherwise occupied, we resort to mental shortcuts ― convenient stereotypes, familiar assumptions, well-worn grooves.

These are the thoughts that come most readily to mind, ____ take the least mental energy to generate.

____ requires abundant cognitive resources to inhibit these stale, reflexive responses and to reach beyond them for ideas that are fresher and more original.

Is morality unique to ____ beings? Not entirely.

Other species seem to have some understanding ____ fairness, especially when one individual's rights or wishes have been thwarted.

Only ____ beings seem to have morality based in the collectivity, however.

As social psychologist ____ Haidt pointed out, only human beings show "widespread third party norm enforcement."

That is, people will expend their own or community ____ to fight immorality even if they were not themselves the victims.

They seem to recognize that maintaining morality is a generally good thing even when they are ____ directly affected.

____ other animal does this.

If one dog steals ____ bone from another dog, the loser may protest and may even be said to have some moral sense that the stealing was wrong.

But you will not see ____ third dog intervene to force the first dog to return the bone to the second.

Only cultural animals use morality as a property of the ____ society.

For some organisations, filing in triplicate ― a widely used system of classification that creates three copies of each document to distribute and store in different places ― ____ be unavoidable.

For most of us, such ____ system is a huge waste of time, space, and energy.

If you need to file physical documents, what about the following beautiful alternative, invented by ____ economist Yukio Noguchi?

____ about categories.

Instead, place each incoming document in a ____ envelope.

Write the envelope's contents neatly on its edge and line them up on a bookshelf, their contents ____ like the spines of books.

Now the moment of genius: every time you use an envelope, place it back ____ the left of the shelf.

Over time, recently used documents will shuffle themselves towards the left and never-used documents will accumulate on the ____

Archiving is easy: every now ____ again, you remove the documents on the right.

To find any document, simply ask ____ how recently you've seen it.

It is a filing system that all ____ organises itself, and it has won many fans.

The ability to act on our thoughts and feelings requires the coordination of positive and negative ____

It used to be the case that women were denied the right to ____ and African Americans were denied access to certain institutions.

Positive solidarity reflects positive freedoms, such as the right to do as you please, and it functions in tandem with negative solidarity, which reflects negative freedoms or restrictions that ____ freedom.

In order for women to vote and African Americans to eat at whatever restaurant they choose (a positive freedom), others who desired to restrict these activities ____ to be restrained (a negative freedom).

Once a particular negative freedom becomes a habit or norm, people tend to take it for granted that a given ____ by others is acceptable.

The bottom line is that people are not ____ free to do as they please.

Freedom requires mutual agreement to a set of conditions that basically involve ____ turns.

Freedom ― like separate, different, and individual ― has little meaning ____ others.

The claim that there are basic needs that are inherent and universal features of the psyche requires, first and foremost, evidence of the generalizability of those ____ across individuals and cultures.

It does not, ____ depend on the claim that all individuals or cultural groups will equally value, satisfy, or recognize needs or that all individuals are equally well equipped to attain need fulfillments.

____ vehicles through which psychological needs are expressed and satisfied differ at different ages and in different cultures and societies, and yet across these contextualizing variables their functional necessity is unchanging.

____ conceptualization has been supported in various ways.

For example, recently Chen, Vansteenkiste, and their colleagues measured basic need satisfactions and need frustrations in multiple cultures, as ____ as differences in desires for these satisfactions.

As expected, they demonstrated that the need variables predict important wellness ____ across cultures.

More relevant here ____ that they also showed that desires for these need satisfactions did not moderate these relations with wellness; desired or not, need satisfactions mattered.

The use of social media can be very powerful in the pursuit of a healthy ____ and holds special opportunities for health promotion leaders and organizations.

Progressive health promotion organizations have recognized the value in maintaining a presence on social media because an increasing number of individuals use social media as a primary form ____ communication.

Organizations use these media to attract new clients, disseminate information in a timely manner, and inspire clients and the public with messages of encouragement, praise, ____ recognition.

Social media ____ also used as an excellent tool to connect individuals with each other based on common characteristics such as shared health challenges, activity preferences, geographic locations, and so on.

The use of tools that help to connect people holds special value because we understand the benefit of ____ personal relationships and the feeling of belonging to like-minded groups of people striving to develop and maintain healthy lifestyles.

Even a seemingly simple protocol such as greeting ____ is coded socially.

It is ____ by appropriate words, phrases, and nonverbal cues that will enable a speaker to make successful social contact with another speaker.

Consider, for the sake of ____ a simple greeting protocol such as "Hi!"

As such, it reveals the kind of coded behavior that is relevant ____ the society in which it occurs, since there are other societies in which silence or a simple nod of the head may be more appropriate as a protocol.

Also, the shortened word rather than the full word "Hello!" implies a social relation of a specific kind (informal) between the interlocutors, implying as well that they are involved in similar life schemes, ____ impel them to make contact in this ritualistic way.

Unconscious factors such as ____ are imprinted in that one simple protocol, thus connecting it to larger frames of meaning and interaction.

These frames are coded socially ― they constitute ways of relating to ____ and to oneself.

The information exchanged in ____ one protocol, therefore, goes well beyond a greeting.

As this example shows in microcosm, social codes derive from ____ and are taught via rearing practices.

The phrase "I have nothing ____ hide" has become popular in discussions about social media companies that collect all of the personal data they can get their hands on.

You might hear it ____ users who prefer to pay with their data, not with their money.

And the ____ could well hold true for those of us who live uneventful lives without any serious health issues, have never made any potential enemies, and wouldn't speak up on civil rights denied by a government.

Yet ____ issue is not about hiding or the freedom to post pictures of adorable kittens at no cost.

Tech companies don't care whether or ____ you have something to hide.

Rather, because you don't spend any money for their services, they have to employ psychological tricks to get you to spend ____ much time as possible on their apps.

You are not the customer; ____ customers are the advertisers who pay tech companies to grab your attention.

Many of us have become glued to our ____ find hardly any time for anything else, and eagerly await another dopamine shot via each new 'like'.

Sport fans can develop ____ psychological attachment to sports, teams, and players.

This ____ can assist fans to develop a feeling of being strong, important, and successful.

The term vicarious achievement refers to a sense of accomplishment that is felt secondhand, through ____ success of someone else.

Some fans may experience an increase in self-esteem when their ____ is winning.

Others may feel a sense of confidence ____ skillfulness by learning team statistics and club history.

Given that sport fans ____ successful when their team is successful, the reverse occurs when they must deal with the disappointment of scandals and poor team performances.

In these situations, fans may ____ a little less eager to publicly announce their support of the team, and they might even downplay the failure of the team.

Fans can compensate for a team's poor performance by developing strong feelings of closeness with fellow fans, being critical of other successful teams, ____ criticism of umpiring or refereeing decisions, or by being blindly optimistic that things will get better.

As we go through life, our brains seem to create a very temporary record of much ____ all of what we sense in our immediate environment.

They do so through several sense-specific areas of the brain that might collectively ____ called a sensory register.

For example, if you have ever played with a lighted sparkler on a festive holiday evening ― as many people in the United States do on July 4th ― then you've undoubtedly noticed the tail of light that follows the sparkler as you swish ____ about.

That tail of light isn't "out there" in your environment; instead, this is your sensory register at work, telling you where ____ light has very recently been.

And think about what ____ when you find yourself daydreaming during a classroom lecture.

As you mentally tune back in to what your instructor is saying, you might still be able to mentally ____ the words that the instructor said within the preceding two or three seconds.

As is true for the sparkler's tail, ____ words aren't lingering in the air around you; they're in your head ― more specifically, in your sensory register.

The children of genius parents are probably going to ____ less intelligent than their moms and dads.

A week ____ record-breaking heat or cold is likely to be followed by milder weather.

These facts follow directly from the nature of numbers, but people ____ not appreciate the statistical basis and instead tend to formulate special causal explanations.

During a dry spell, if you do a rain dance every day, sooner or later the rain will come ____ and you may be tempted to think that your rain dance did the trick.

(The illusion works especially well if you change your rain dance a bit each day, because it didn't work, so that ____ it finally rains, you think, At last, I got it right!)

____ and psychotherapy thrive on regression to the mean.

Whenever you feel bad, the odds are that you will feel better in a few days, and if you visit ____ physician in the interim, you will probably give her credit for your improvement.

(And the doctor ____ will be willing to accept your gratitude!)

People often attribute natural changes to specific actions or treatments, failing to recognize that events and situations frequently return to normal ____ their own without any real causal intervention.

Typically, hyperinflation begins because the authorities don't have enough money to respond to an unusual situation ― say, to pay for a war, or keep paying civil servants' salaries during a social and economic upheaval that makes it hard ____ collect enough taxes ― so they see no option but to print money and keep on printing.

The trouble is that while ____ can create money out of thin air, getting people to accept the money as payment for their services is another matter altogether.

As the printing presses churn out more and more money with no end in sight, the amount of cash ____ any particular product on the shelf will rise and rise.

So will prices, inevitably, and then a self-reinforcing spiral sets in: people naturally expect prices to increase ____ and further, so they demand ever-higher wages.

Pretty soon, the situation is out of ____

Not only do prices keep rising, but the rate at which ____ keep rising is also going up ― inflation accelerates.

In principle, certainly, a similar "wage-price spiral" can take hold at moderate levels of inflation in an economy that hadn't just experienced a hugely stressful event ____ as a war or a revolution.

But history shows ____ it doesn't tend to happen.

Some wealthy countries experienced what looks like a wage-price ____ in the 1970s, in which a combination of oil price increases and relaxed monetary policy led to annual inflation in double digits, sometimes even more than 20 percent.