2026 수능특강 영어 19강 변형

____ grabbing a piece of paper between your thumb and index finger.

Maybe you already are, ____ you turn this page.

We use this type ____ forceful, pad-to-pad precision gripping without thinking about it, and literally in a snap.

Yet it was a breakthrough ____ human evolution.

Other primates exhibit some kinds of precision grips in the handling and use of objects, but not with the kind of ____ opposition that our hand anatomy allows.

In a single hand, humans can easily hold and manipulate objects, even small and delicate ones, while adjusting our fingers to their shape ____ reorienting them with displacements of our fingertip pads.

Our relatively long, powerful thumb and other anatomical attributes, including ____ flat nails (which nearly all primates possess), make this possible.

Just picture ____ — and failing — to dog-ear this page with pointy, curved claws.

With a ____ combination of traits, the human hand shaped our history.

No question, stone tools couldn’t have become a keystone of human technology and subsistence without hands that could do the job, along with a nervous system that could ____ and coordinate the necessary signals.

Anybody who’s ever attempted to make a spear tip or arrowhead from a ____ knows that it requires strong grips, constant rotation and repositioning, and forceful, careful strikes with another hard object.

And ____ with a fair amount of know-how, it can be a bloody business.

When students ____ trouble spelling, we commonly describe them as having a “poor visual memory,” as if good spelling were primarily a function of a photographic image maker in the mind.

After all, we use our eyes to look at print: shouldn’t spelling have something to do ____ looking longer and harder at a word or striving to remember the word through visual imaging?

Linguists who have studied spelling, however, have demonstrated that one’s memory for printed words has much to do with linguistic ____ and the visual attention and memory processes of good and poor spellers do not explain the differences in their skills.

If spelling were a rote visual memory skill, how could the students in ____ Scripps National Spelling Bee succeed in spelling words they have never seen before?

Good spelling is the result of knowledge of language structure, word origin, and ____ meaning and the memory involved in spelling is memory for linguistic information.

This reality implies that asking students to close their eyes and imagine the letter strings in words ____ asking students to write words in lists many times over may have some value, but these “visual” strategies will be more productive if they are coupled with learning how the words are structured and why they might be spelled the way they are.

Students who ____ from diverse backgrounds typically identify and connect with faculty who are also from diverse backgrounds.

However, the number of faculty from diverse backgrounds is ____ behind when compared to the increase in diverse students.

Forbes, a leading business and financial magazine, cited a study from the Hispanic Journal of Law and Policy regarding ____ minimum growth in the number of college faculty members of color in institutions qualified to offer doctoral degrees.

Between 2013 and 2017, “the number of Hispanic and Latino faculty members grew by ____ than 1% and the number of black faculty members grew by only one-tenth of a percent.”

While there have been some steps to increase hiring of diverse faculty, the academic pipeline for new faculty of color remains constrained, and recruitment practices ____ favor the status quo often create barriers to achieving a diverse and well-represented faculty.

As a result, students especially in an online platform feel underrepresented, unwelcomed, and alienated because most, if not all, of their instructors have cultural ____ and values that are very different from what they are accustomed to.

Several colleges now provide training ____ recognizing and addressing bias for their faculty and staff members.

However, these, at best, can be categorized as tokenism. According to Webster, “‘tokenism’ is the practice ____ doing something only to prevent criticism by others.”

To ____ the bandwagon, some educational institutions merely do the bare minimum to create a façade of respecting and representing within their campus.

To be truly inclusive, ____ aspect of the educational decision must be taken to ensure that all students are cared for and represented.

In fact, diversity ____ inclusive practices should be incorporated as an essential part of the mission and vision of the institution.

Nick Davies, the award-winning British journalist, writer and filmmaker calls it ____ “great blockbuster myth of modern journalism” that the news media reports, or strives to report, “objective” truth.

The idea that journalists must always cover “both sides” of a story equally and with ____ detachment is deeply rooted in our culture.

Journalists are taught this idea when ____ are trained and are later frequently reminded of it by way of clichéd mantras from their peers and superiors in the newsroom.

“We need to give equal weight to the opposing viewpoint,” the ____ goes, as if a holistic pursuit of truth were always made up of just two halves that are in every way always equal.

This simplistic understanding of reality means the news is yet again shaped to ____ artificial criteria.

The result is another veil of distortion: cover-up of the story ____ at through the stripping away of perspective.

The attempt to find “balance” by telling “both sides” of a ____ has nothing to do with objectivity and everything to do with taking a stance of neutrality.

This is a worsened understanding of what real objectivity is: a position in relation to reality drawing on ____ perspectives that approach a whole.

The automatic response to assume a neutral stance in journalism likely originated long ago as a safeguard ____ prevent media members and news organizations from pushing their own agendas — whether collective or individual.

Our democratic and ____ culture that preaches fairness and even-handedness also reinforces this tendency to seek impartiality.

As does the ____ of the argument culture. Fear by journalists and news organizations of being wrong helps to imprint that rule into stone.

To the casual observer, the rain forests of Southeast Asia ____ 10,000 to 12,000 years ago would have looked pretty much like the rain forests before and afterward — lots of palms and thorn-covered plants in the lower canopy, and dense trees of all shapes and sizes reaching to the sky.

But to the eyes of researchers looking into ____ former forests via pollen analysis, digging into the soils, and reconstructing past landscapes, a pattern emerges:

The plant species that make up the forests are shifting ____ frequency and density.

Certain palms and fruiting trees and climbing plants ____ becoming more common, others are moving from one type of growth pattern to another, and others are simply disappearing.

One expects these types of change in forest structure as climates change and sea levels rise and drop — but these changes in ____ Asian forests are not clearly linked to the climate.

Something else ____ to shape the way the forests look and work. Guess who.

The genus Homo had been living in and around the forests of Southeast Asia for hundreds of thousands of years without changing the ecology much, ____ by at least 10,000 to 15,000 years ago, humans started targeting certain types of trees, favoring them and their fruits, nuts, and leaves or using their bark or their long, dense, threadlike stems.

Moving ____ climbing vines or pulling out competing young trees that inhibited their access to the trees opened up new space for growth and reproduction for humans’ favorites.

People might even have ____ certain trees against other animals and kept birds out during the fruiting season.