2027 수능특강 영어 Test 3 빈칸 채우기

I am writing to request your ____ in protecting our most vulnerable students.

Respiratory viruses ____ as the flu can spread quickly in a school setting.

Protecting the health and well-being of our students and staff is our top ____.

By working together, we can help ensure a safe and productive school year for ____.

Some of our students have serious autoimmune conditions, making them more at risk for ____.

To ____ protect all students, we kindly ask that you notify the school if your child has been diagnosed with any of respiratory illnesses.

Because doctor's notes for excused absences often do not ____ the illness, providing this information directly to the school allows us to take appropriate measures to prevent further spread.

Please be assured that your child's personal information ____ be kept strictly private.

Thank you for your cooperation and support. If ____ have any questions, please feel free to contact me.

At the ____ competition, my hands shook slightly as I stepped onto the stage.

It had ____ years since I last performed on stage, and every eye in the room seemed fixed on me, pressing down with silent weight.

I held the violin tightly, uncertain of how the first ____ would sound.

Then, as I looked down, the ____ surface caught a faint reflection ― my father's face, just as I remembered.

In that moment, ____ settled.

I thought of the ____ evenings when he sat beside me during practice, gently nodding in rhythm.

His ____ was steady and unwavering.

I drew in a slow breath and raised the ____ to my chin, anchoring it against my shoulder.

The bow ____ just above the strings, then touched down with purpose.

My grip steadied, and with each movement that followed, I played Pachelbel's Canon in D ― no longer hesitating, but sure and measured ____ the first note on.

One myth in ____ was that independence required journalists to be neutral.

This confusion arose when the concept of objectivity became so mangled it ____ to be used to describe the very problem it was conceived to correct.

What we need to do now is recapture the original meaning of objectivity intended when the concept migrated ____ social science to journalism early in the twentieth century.

Objectivity was not meant to suggest that journalists were without ____.

On the contrary, precisely because journalists ____ never be objective, their methods had to be.

In the recognition that ____ is biased, in other words, the news, like science, should flow from a process for reporting that is defensible, rigorous, and transparent ― and this process is even more critical in a networked age.

Today, when content comes from so many sources, this concept of objectivity of method transparently conveyed ― ____ than personal objectivity ― is more vital than ever.

Without bark, a tree ____ transport sugar from its leaves to its roots.

As the roots starve, they shut down their pumping mechanisms, and because water no longer flows through the trunk up to the crown, the whole tree ____ out.

However, many of the girdled trees ____ to grow with more or less vigor.

I now know that this was ____ possible with the help of intact neighboring trees.

Thanks to the underground network, neighbors took over the ____ task of provisioning the roots and thus made it possible for their buddies to survive.

Some trees ____ managed to bridge the gap in their bark with new growth.

I have learned from this just how powerful a community of ____ can be.

"A ____ is only as strong as its weakest link."

Trees could have come up with this old craftsperson's ____.

And ____ they know this intuitively, they do not hesitate to help each other out.

There are a growing number of AI tools that companies use to ____ job applicants.

These automated systems decide which smaller set of applicants from a large pool will reach a human hiring ____.

The AI tool analyzes video interviews for content, word choice, facial expressions, and so on, assigning each interviewee an "employability score," which is ____ to those of other applicants.

But the validity of these ____ is dubious; in fact, there is no evidence that these scores accurately predict job performance.

Critics worry that algorithms trained on limited data will be more likely to give higher employability scores to ____ applicants who are more frequently represented in the current workforce and give lower scores to those who appear atypical because they are less frequently represented in the current workforce.

The result ____ be to reinforce current demographic imbalances instead of building a diverse workforce.

Put differently, these automated ____ tools seem to be reproducing biased wallpaper in hiring decisions.

And, in fact, the technology may even be ____ bias in new ways.

Scientific research is ____.

Reaching the stage of becoming an independent and productive researcher able to pursue one's interests requires a long period of study ____ by more years of apprenticeship.

Even after that it requires long hours and often repetitive detailed work with little chance of obtaining wealth and glory, except for a tiny number who obtain Nobel prizes and the like, and even for ____ the fame is often short-lived.

The respect and approval of the small ____ of their peers is often their main reward.

So ____ do they do it?

Almost all do it because of an ____ curiosity, the desire to understand how the world works.

____ because it promises to be able to solve important problems and make the world a better place.

Yet others go into it because it is ____ stimulating and rewarding, and has the promise of prestige, a good career, and a modestly comfortable lifestyle.

When it ____ to individual scientists, there will likely be a range of overlapping motivations for their choice.

As Michael Patrick Lynch observes in his book The Internet of Us: Knowing More and Understanding Less in the ____ of Big Data, the information we derive from making correlations with big data often can be misleading unless we understand its context.

He cites the ____ of a famous video map of cultural history that was created by using a data set of births and deaths of "notable" people over the past two thousand years.

The shape and findings of the map were ____ dependent on the creators' assumptions of their data's parameters, including what constitutes a "notable" person.

In ____ words, the answers we get are only as meaningful as the questions we frame.

And for that, we need an understanding ____ just of correlations but of how and why the facts are so.

Instead of seeing strands of ____, we need to view the interconnected tapestry of relationships in a system.

Thus, it is not enough to see that "____" spread to different geographical hotspots in a particular pattern.

We would need to study the ____, economic, and political contexts.

The purpose of data ____, then, is to give us the tools to read the digital record and also to understand when we ought to look elsewhere.

William James was born in New York City ____ a wealthy and intellectual family.

His father was an unusual ____, and his brother, Henry James, became a well-known novelist.

During his childhood, William spent several years in Europe, where he developed a passion for ____.

However, at 19, he abandoned ____ to study science.

He enrolled at ____ Medical School, but his studies were interrupted by health issues and depression, which prevented him from ever practicing medicine.

Despite ____ challenges, he graduated and, in 1872, began teaching physiology at Harvard University.

Over ____, his interest shifted toward psychology and philosophy, leading to influential publications in both fields.

In 1880, he was appointed a professor of ____ at Harvard, where he made significant contributions to pragmatism and functional psychology.

His works, including The Principles of Psychology and Pragmatism, remain highly ____.

He taught at Harvard until his retirement in ____.

____ structure refers to the individuals and communities of plants and animals of which an ecosystem is composed, their age and spatial distribution, and the abiotic resources.

____ ecosystems have thousands of structural elements, each exhibiting varying degrees of complexity.

Scientists have learned that when ____ separate elements are thrown together into a complex system, a sort of spontaneous order results.

One property of such systems is their tendency to generate emergent ____, which can be defined as properties of the whole that could not be predicted from an understanding of the individual parts, no matter how detailed that understanding.

Complex systems are also characterized by highly nonlinear behavior, ____ means that we cannot predict the outcomes of large interventions based on an understanding of smaller ones.

For example, removing 40% of a species stock from an ecosystem may have a qualitatively different impact than removing 20% ― that is, not just twice the known impact of ____ 20%.

When people are ____ of the cognitive load imposed by their environment, they immediately become more creative, neuroscientist Moshe Bar has found.

Bar, who directs the Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar-Ilan University in Israel, reports that when he taxed subjects' ____ resources as they completed a test of creative thinking, they came up with more "statistically common" (that is, conventional and commonplace) associations.

In his study, Bar found that "a high mental load ____ diminished the originality and creativity" of his subjects' responses.

His explanation: when our minds are otherwise occupied, we resort to mental shortcuts ― convenient stereotypes, ____ assumptions, well-worn grooves.

These are the thoughts that come most readily to mind, that take the least ____ energy to generate.

It requires abundant cognitive resources to inhibit these stale, ____ responses and to reach beyond them for ideas that are fresher and more original.

Is morality ____ to human beings? Not entirely.

Other species seem to have some understanding of ____, especially when one individual's rights or wishes have been thwarted.

Only human beings seem to have morality ____ in the collectivity, however.

As social psychologist Jonathan Haidt pointed out, only human beings show "widespread ____ party norm enforcement."

That is, people will expend their own or community resources to fight immorality even if they were ____ themselves the victims.

They ____ to recognize that maintaining morality is a generally good thing even when they are not directly affected.

No other animal ____ this.

If one ____ steals a bone from another dog, the loser may protest and may even be said to have some moral sense that the stealing was wrong.

But ____ will not see a third dog intervene to force the first dog to return the bone to the second.

Only cultural animals use morality as a property of the ____ society.

For some organisations, filing in triplicate ― a ____ used system of classification that creates three copies of each document to distribute and store in different places ― may be unavoidable.

For most of us, ____ a system is a huge waste of time, space, and energy.

If you need to file physical documents, what about the following beautiful alternative, invented by ____ economist Yukio Noguchi?

Forget ____ categories.

Instead, place each ____ document in a large envelope.

Write the envelope's contents neatly on its edge and line them up on a bookshelf, their ____ visible like the spines of books.

Now the moment of genius: ____ time you use an envelope, place it back on the left of the shelf.

Over time, recently used documents will shuffle themselves towards the left and never-used documents will accumulate on the ____.

Archiving is easy: every now and ____, you remove the documents on the right.

To find any document, simply ask ____ how recently you've seen it.

It is a filing system that all but organises itself, and it has won ____ fans.

The ability to act on our ____ and feelings requires the coordination of positive and negative solidarity.

It used to be the case that women were denied the right to vote and African ____ were denied access to certain institutions.

____ solidarity reflects positive freedoms, such as the right to do as you please, and it functions in tandem with negative solidarity, which reflects negative freedoms or restrictions that protect freedom.

In order for women to vote and African Americans to eat at whatever restaurant they choose (a positive freedom), others who desired to restrict ____ activities had to be restrained (a negative freedom).

Once a particular negative freedom becomes a habit or norm, people tend to take it for granted that a given behavior by ____ is acceptable.

The bottom line is that ____ are not simply free to do as they please.

Freedom requires mutual agreement to a set of conditions that basically ____ taking turns.

Freedom ― like ____, different, and individual ― has little meaning without others.

The claim that there are basic needs that are inherent and universal features of the ____ requires, first and foremost, evidence of the generalizability of those needs across individuals and cultures.

It does not, however, depend on the claim that all individuals or cultural groups will equally value, satisfy, or recognize needs or that all individuals are equally well equipped to attain ____ fulfillments.

The vehicles through which psychological needs are expressed and ____ differ at different ages and in different cultures and societies, and yet across these contextualizing variables their functional necessity is unchanging.

This conceptualization has been supported in various ____.

For example, recently Chen, Vansteenkiste, and their colleagues measured basic need satisfactions and need frustrations in multiple cultures, as well as ____ in desires for these satisfactions.

As expected, they demonstrated that the need variables predict important wellness ____ across cultures.

More relevant here was that they also showed that desires for these need satisfactions did not moderate ____ relations with wellness; desired or not, need satisfactions mattered.

The use of social media can be ____ powerful in the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle and holds special opportunities for health promotion leaders and organizations.

Progressive health promotion organizations have recognized the value in maintaining a presence on ____ media because an increasing number of individuals use social media as a primary form of communication.

Organizations use these ____ to attract new clients, disseminate information in a timely manner, and inspire clients and the public with messages of encouragement, praise, and recognition.

Social media is ____ used as an excellent tool to connect individuals with each other based on common characteristics such as shared health challenges, activity preferences, geographic locations, and so on.

The use of tools that help to connect people holds ____ value because we understand the benefit of positive personal relationships and the feeling of belonging to like-minded groups of people striving to develop and maintain healthy lifestyles.

Even a seemingly simple protocol ____ as greeting someone is coded socially.

It is shaped by appropriate words, phrases, and nonverbal cues that will ____ a speaker to make successful social contact with another speaker.

Consider, for the sake of argument, a simple ____ protocol such as "Hi!"

As such, it ____ the kind of coded behavior that is relevant in the society in which it occurs, since there are other societies in which silence or a simple nod of the head may be more appropriate as a protocol.

Also, the shortened word rather than the full word "Hello!" implies a social relation of a specific kind (informal) ____ the interlocutors, implying as well that they are involved in similar life schemes, which impel them to make contact in this ritualistic way.

Unconscious factors such as these are imprinted in that one simple protocol, ____ connecting it to larger frames of meaning and interaction.

____ frames are coded socially ― they constitute ways of relating to others and to oneself.

The information exchanged in that ____ protocol, therefore, goes well beyond a greeting.

As this example shows in microcosm, social codes derive from traditions and are ____ via rearing practices.

The phrase "I have nothing to hide" has become popular in discussions about social media companies that ____ all of the personal data they can get their hands on.

You might hear it from users who prefer to ____ with their data, not with their money.

And the phrase could well hold true for those of us who live uneventful lives without ____ serious health issues, have never made any potential enemies, and wouldn't speak up on civil rights denied by a government.

Yet the issue is not about hiding or the freedom to post pictures of ____ kittens at no cost.

Tech companies don't care ____ or not you have something to hide.

Rather, because you don't ____ any money for their services, they have to employ psychological tricks to get you to spend as much time as possible on their apps.

You are not the customer; the customers are the advertisers ____ pay tech companies to grab your attention.

Many of us have become glued to our smartphones, ____ hardly any time for anything else, and eagerly await another dopamine shot via each new 'like'.

Sport fans can develop a psychological ____ to sports, teams, and players.

This connection can assist fans to develop a ____ of being strong, important, and successful.

The term vicarious ____ refers to a sense of accomplishment that is felt secondhand, through the success of someone else.

Some ____ may experience an increase in self-esteem when their team is winning.

Others may ____ a sense of confidence and skillfulness by learning team statistics and club history.

Given that sport fans feel ____ when their team is successful, the reverse occurs when they must deal with the disappointment of scandals and poor team performances.

In these situations, fans may be a little less eager to publicly announce their support of the team, and they might even downplay the failure of the ____.

Fans can compensate for a team's poor performance by developing strong feelings of closeness with fellow fans, being critical of other successful teams, voicing criticism of umpiring or refereeing decisions, or by being blindly optimistic that ____ will get better.

As we go through life, our brains seem to create a very temporary record of much or all of what we sense in our ____ environment.

They do so through several sense-specific areas of the brain that might collectively be called a ____ register.

For example, if you have ever played with a lighted sparkler on a festive holiday evening ― as many people in the United States do on July 4th ― ____ you've undoubtedly noticed the tail of light that follows the sparkler as you swish it about.

That tail of light isn't "out there" in your ____; instead, this is your sensory register at work, telling you where the light has very recently been.

And think about what happens when you find ____ daydreaming during a classroom lecture.

As you mentally tune back in to what your instructor is saying, you might still be able to mentally "hear" the words that the instructor said ____ the preceding two or three seconds.

As is true for the sparkler's ____, those words aren't lingering in the air around you; they're in your head ― more specifically, in your sensory register.

The ____ of genius parents are probably going to be less intelligent than their moms and dads.

A week of ____ heat or cold is likely to be followed by milder weather.

These facts follow directly from the ____ of numbers, but people do not appreciate the statistical basis and instead tend to formulate special causal explanations.

During a dry spell, if you do a rain dance every day, sooner or later the rain will come ― and you may be tempted to think that your rain dance did the ____.

(The illusion works especially well if you change your ____ dance a bit each day, because it didn't work, so that when it finally rains, you think, At last, I got it right!)

____ and psychotherapy thrive on regression to the mean.

Whenever ____ feel bad, the odds are that you will feel better in a few days, and if you visit a physician in the interim, you will probably give her credit for your improvement.

(And the ____ probably will be willing to accept your gratitude!)

People often attribute natural changes to ____ actions or treatments, failing to recognize that events and situations frequently return to normal on their own without any real causal intervention.

Typically, hyperinflation begins because the authorities don't have enough money to respond to an unusual situation ― say, to pay for a war, or keep ____ civil servants' salaries during a social and economic upheaval that makes it hard to collect enough taxes ― so they see no option but to print money and keep on printing.

The trouble is that while governments can create money out of thin air, getting people to ____ the money as payment for their services is another matter altogether.

As the printing presses churn ____ more and more money with no end in sight, the amount of cash chasing any particular product on the shelf will rise and rise.

So will prices, inevitably, and then a self-reinforcing spiral ____ in: people naturally expect prices to increase further and further, so they demand ever-higher wages.

____ soon, the situation is out of control.

Not only do prices ____ rising, but the rate at which they keep rising is also going up ― inflation accelerates.

In principle, certainly, a similar "wage-price spiral" can take hold at moderate levels of inflation in an economy that hadn't just experienced a hugely ____ event such as a war or a revolution.

But history shows that it doesn't tend to ____.

Some wealthy countries experienced what looks like a wage-price spiral in the 1970s, in which a combination of oil price increases and relaxed monetary ____ led to annual inflation in double digits, sometimes even more than 20 percent.