2027 수능특강 영어 22강 빈칸 변형

What is ____ river engineering?

One way to visualize its spirit is to liken it to a footpath in the ____.

____ a tree falls across a footpath.

A soft-path ____ would be simply to redirect the trail around the fallen tree.

A more interventionist response would be to remove the tree and ____ the original route.

A still more interventionist response might be to straighten and pave the path to insert it more ____ in the landscape.

The ____ high-modernist step would, of course, be to create a superhighway that removes the landscape and bulldozes straight through all obstacles in the topography.

Soft-path engineering has the unique advantage of intellectual modesty with respect to what we actually know ____ river movement and its environmental effects.

In contrast to hard-path engineering, soft-path engineering accepts ____ in the river's movement as significant until proven otherwise.

Backwaters, short-lived wetlands, braids and channels, swamps ― all undesirable to hard-path engineering ― are presumed by soft-path engineers to be ____ important.

Connectivity, the ____ of a landscape to support movement by any given species across the landscape, is of increasing concern for conservation biologists.

As the connectivity of a landscape increases from the human perspective (generally through ____ in road networks), connectivity decreases for many other species.

Although we may see many species of animals moving across human landscapes (e.g. deer, wolves, and turtles crossing roads or wandering through our backyards), landscapes substantially altered for human use act as ____ to movement of both animal and plant species.

In some cases, these ____ are incomplete ― many turtles die on roads, but some make it across.

In other cases, passage is essentially impossible ― cities along landscape ____ such as river valleys can effectively eliminate genetic exchange between previously connected plant and animal populations; dams can permanently halt spawning of fish by blocking travel to their breeding grounds.

Thus, lack of connectivity can ____ the conservation value of remaining habitat below what its mapped area might suggest, increasing the impact of fragmentation.

By enhancing energy efficiency and putting waste products to use, biopower helps move utilities and industries in a sustainable ____.

The U.S. forest products industry ____ obtains half its energy by combusting woody waste and liquid waste from pulp mill processing.

Biopower helps alleviate climate change as well by reducing carbon dioxide emissions, and ____ landfill gas reduces emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

Biopower also benefits human health as it cuts down on pollution; by replacing coal in co-firing and direct combustion, biopower reduces emissions of sulfur dioxide because ____ matter, unlike coal, contains no appreciable sulfur content.

In addition, biomass resources tend to be geographically spread out, so using them can help support rural economies and reduce many nations' dependence on ____ fuels.

One example of human interventions modifying the ____ of savannas is through their effects on savanna-dwelling mammals such as elephants.

They are what is known as a 'keystone species' because they have a strong effect on many aspects of the environment in which they ____.

They ____ the ecosystems which they occupy and create a mosaic of habitats by browsing, trampling, and knocking over bushes and trees.

They also spread seeds through their ____ and defecating habits and maintain or create water holes by wallowing.

All these roles are ____ to other species.

Conversely, where human interference prevents elephants from moving ____ within their habitats and leads to their numbers exceeding the carrying capacity of the savanna, their effect can be environmentally disastrous.

Equally, if humans reduce elephant ____ in a particular piece of savanna, the savanna may become less diverse and less open, and its water holes may fill with mud.

This will be ____ to other species.