6강 주제 파악
Gateway 대중교통에서의 운행 빈도
Emphasizing speed over frequency can make sense in contexts ____ everyone is expected to plan around the timetable, including peak-only commute services and very long trips with low demand.
In all other contexts, though, it ____ to be a common motorist's error.
____ are there all the time, so their speed is the most important fact that distinguishes them.
But transit is only there if it's ____ soon.
If you have a car, you can use a road whenever you want and experience ____ speed.
But transit ____ to exist when you need it (span), and it needs to be coming soon (frequency).
Otherwise, waiting time will wipe ____ any time savings from a faster service.
Unless you're comfortable planning your life around a particular scheduled trip, speed is worthless ____ frequency, so a transit map that screams about speed and whispers about frequency may simply be planting confusion.
1 적극적 민주주의에서 투표권의 기준
In the United States, the practice of permitting aliens to vote could be seen as ____ with the idea of an exclusionary citizenship, but that is a hard balance to maintain.
If the vote, of all rights, is in the hands of noncitizens, ____ should they not count as citizens, and the entire distinction between resident alien and citizen be abandoned?
Indeed, something like this thought probably ____ behind the disappearance of alien voting: with universal adult citizen suffrage after 1920, the only way to maintain an exclusionary kind of citizenship was to restrict the vote to citizens and not residents.
But no theory of "active" democracy can countenance this distinction: the laws concerning our common life must be made by all ____ who are taking part in it, and residence is the only convincing test of whether someone is taking part ― as is understood almost universally when it comes to questions of which citizens should have a voice in local government.
2 위치에 따른 물체의 다양한 해석 가능성
When people are asked what any painting hanging on a gallery wall means, no matter how strange it might appear, as is the case with most ____ paintings, they tend to find meaning in it because it is located in a gallery.
Consider a soda can found thrown away on a ____ street.
If we were to ____ across this item on the street, we would no doubt view it as a piece of garbage or rubbish.
But if we saw the very same object on a pedestal, displayed in an art gallery, signed by some ____, and given a title such as "Waste," then we would interpret its meaning in a vastly different way.
We would, in fact, be inclined to interpret it as an artistic form, descrying a throw-away or materialistic ____.
Clearly, the can's location on a sidewalk versus its ____ on a pedestal in an art gallery will influence how we will interpret it.
3 인간의 인지에 대한 컴퓨터 모델의 한계
The reliance on the computer as a model for the operations of the human mind may well prove to be as ____ as an earlier fascination with behaviorism.
Psychologists have already begun to recognize the ____ of the mind-as-computer metaphor.
Some have turned to cultural anthropology as a way of understanding the factors outside any particular individual's brain that help the individual make sense ____ of the world.
Others, such as Jerome Bruner, one of the founders of cognitive psychology, find that the computer ____ carries with it an unfortunate shift "from the construction of meaning to the processing of information."
Bruner's reflections on the limits of the machine model lead him back to a humanistic emphasis on narrative and story-telling as ____ ingredients in understanding human cognition, a fascinating intellectual journey that reveals both the power and the limits of computers as guides to the way we think.
4 문학이 활성화하는 상상력
In the escape that reading literature provides through vicarious identification and comparison with other lives, places, and times, we activate our imagination, that uniquely human ability to explore an alternative set of ideas and experiences that are ____ our present environment and that may not even be real.
As opposed to perception that receives and processes information from the outside world — light, sound, shape — and finds meaning in it — a sunset, a ____, a house — in imagination, the process is reversed.
Translating the words we read into what they signify, we populate an inner world in which imagery is ____ from the memory.
For example, we read "house" and picture a representation of a ____ from memory.
It is our imagination, the complex interweaving of perception and memory that literature activates, releasing a latent ____ that pleases.
The writer may provide the blueprint, but the reader builds literature's many rooms, and like ____ satisfying occupation, literature gratifies our imaginative and creative abilities.