6강 주제 파악
Gateway 대중교통에서의 운행 빈도
Emphasizing ____ over frequency can make sense in contexts where everyone is expected to plan around the timetable, including peak-only commute services and very long trips with low demand.
In all other contexts, though, it seems to be a common motorist's ____.
Roads are there all the time, so their speed is the most important ____ that distinguishes them.
But transit is only there if ____ coming soon.
If you have a car, you can use a road whenever you want and experience its ____.
But transit has to exist when ____ need it (span), and it needs to be coming soon (frequency).
Otherwise, waiting time will ____ out any time savings from a faster service.
Unless you're comfortable planning your life around a particular scheduled trip, speed is worthless without frequency, so a transit map that screams about speed and whispers about frequency may simply be planting ____.
1 적극적 민주주의에서 투표권의 기준
In the United ____, the practice of permitting aliens to vote could be seen as compatible with the idea of an exclusionary citizenship, but that is a hard balance to maintain.
If the vote, of all rights, is in the hands of noncitizens, why should they not count as citizens, and the entire distinction ____ resident alien and citizen be abandoned?
Indeed, something like this thought probably lay ____ the disappearance of alien voting: with universal adult citizen suffrage after 1920, the only way to maintain an exclusionary kind of citizenship was to restrict the vote to citizens and not residents.
But no theory of "active" democracy can countenance this distinction: the laws concerning our common life must be made by all those who are taking part in it, and residence is the only convincing test of whether someone is taking part ― as is understood almost universally when it comes to questions of which ____ should have a voice in local government.
2 위치에 따른 물체의 다양한 해석 가능성
When people are asked what any painting hanging on a gallery wall means, no ____ how strange it might appear, as is the case with most abstract-expressionist paintings, they tend to find meaning in it because it is located in a gallery.
Consider a ____ can found thrown away on a city street.
If we were to ____ across this item on the street, we would no doubt view it as a piece of garbage or rubbish.
But if we saw the very same object on a pedestal, displayed in an art gallery, signed by some artist, and given a title such as "Waste," then we would interpret its meaning in a vastly ____ way.
We ____, in fact, be inclined to interpret it as an artistic form, descrying a throw-away or materialistic society.
Clearly, the can's location on a sidewalk versus its display on a ____ in an art gallery will influence how we will interpret it.
3 인간의 인지에 대한 컴퓨터 모델의 한계
The reliance on the computer as a model for the operations of the human mind may well prove to be as limited as an earlier fascination with ____.
____ have already begun to recognize the flaws of the mind-as-computer metaphor.
Some ____ turned to cultural anthropology as a way of understanding the factors outside any particular individual's brain that help the individual make sense out of the world.
Others, such as Jerome Bruner, one of the founders of cognitive psychology, find that the computer analogy carries with it an unfortunate shift "____ the construction of meaning to the processing of information."
Bruner's reflections on the limits of the machine model lead him back to a humanistic emphasis on narrative and story-telling as essential ingredients in understanding human cognition, a fascinating ____ journey that reveals both the power and the limits of computers as guides to the way we think.
4 문학이 활성화하는 상상력
In the escape that reading literature provides through vicarious ____ and comparison with other lives, places, and times, we activate our imagination, that uniquely human ability to explore an alternative set of ideas and experiences that are outside our present environment and that may not even be real.
As opposed to perception that receives and processes information from the outside world — light, sound, shape — and finds meaning in it — a sunset, a symphony, a house — in ____, the process is reversed.
Translating the words we read ____ what they signify, we populate an inner world in which imagery is created from the memory.
For ____, we read "house" and picture a representation of a house from memory.
It is our imagination, the complex interweaving of perception and memory that literature ____, releasing a latent creativity that pleases.
The writer may provide the blueprint, but the reader builds ____ many rooms, and like any satisfying occupation, literature gratifies our imaginative and creative abilities.