2026 수능특강 영어 26강 변형문제

Human speech differs from the cries of ____ species in many ways.

One very important distinction is that all other ____ use one call for one message as the general principle of communication.

This means that the number of possible messages is very restricted. If a new message is to be included in the system, ____ new sound has to be introduced, too.

After the first few tens ____ sounds it becomes difficult to invent new distinctive sounds, and also to remember them for the next time they are needed.

Human speech builds on the principle of combining a restricted number of sounds into an unlimited number of messages. In a typical ____ language there are something like thirty or forty distinctive speech sounds.

These sounds ____ be combined into chains to form a literally unlimited number of words.

Even a small child, who can communicate by only one word at a time, uses a system for communication that is infinitely superior to any system ____ by any other animal.

____ animal cries, each call represents a different message, which limits the number of possible messages, whereas human language creates an unlimited number of messages using a finite set of distinctive sounds.

You may ____ noticed that language has a variety of actual and potential uses.

Marvel for just a moment at ____ flexibility, utility, and power of language as a set of tools.

Language can be used to describe the world or some part of it, pose problems, suggest solutions, issue orders, make agreements, tell ____ tell jokes, sing songs, exchange greetings, buy things, sell things, make friends, insult enemies, and so on.

Can language be said to serve any specific single, ____ function amid all this variety?

Remember that humans are social ____

Our chances of survival and of flourishing are greatly enhanced by association ____ others of our kind.

We do much ____ in groups than as individuals.

This places ____ high premium on cooperation and coordination with others.

Thus the essential function, as well as the functional essence, of language would ____ to be communication.

What exactly is ____

Communication is ____ we do to achieve common understanding — essential to cooperation and coordination — among two or more sentient beings.

Texts must be interpreted, that is, analyzed ____ both explicit and implicit meanings.

Since it is impossible to know with any certainty what ____ author intends, one alternative is to discount the intentions of the author and concentrate on whatever meaning the text generates

As D. H. Lawrence famously ____ “Never trust the teller, trust the tale.”

New Criticism in the twentieth century would reject the notion that deciphering an author’s intention is a central goal of ____

Literature, they argued, is not a secret message planted by the author to ____ decoded but a dynamic field of multiple meanings, generated because of, despite, and indeed regardless of the author.

In this model, literature is a textual world ____ the author has set in motion but does not control; the reader controls the text through interpretation.

It is fascinating to watch an artist striving to achieve the right balance, but if we were to ask ____ why he did this or changed that, he might not be able to tell us.

He does not follow any fixed rules. He just feels ____ way.

It is true that some artists or critics in certain periods have tried to formulate laws of their art; but it always turned out that poor artists did not achieve anything when trying to apply these ____ while great masters could break them and yet achieve a new kind of harmony no one had thought of before.

When the great English painter Sir Joshua Reynolds explained to his students in the Royal Academy that blue should not be put into the foreground of paintings but should be reserved for ____ distant backgrounds, for the fading hills on the horizon, his rival Thomas Gainsborough —so the story goes — wanted to prove that such academic rules are usually nonsense.

He painted the famous ‘Blue ____ whose blue costume, in the central foreground of the picture, stands out triumphantly against the warm brown of the background.